Three-day antibiotic treatment for acute cholangitis due to choledocholithiasis with successful biliary duct drainage: A single-center retrospective cohort study.

Objectives: Given that the optimal antibiotic treatment duration for acute cholangitis with successful biliary drainage remains unknown, this study aimed to validate whether antibiotic treatment duration could be reduced to ≤3 days among patients presenting the same.

Methods: This retrospective study included patients who presented with mild to moderate acute cholangitis due to choledocholithiasis who had undergone successful biliary drainage through endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP). After that, 30-day mortality rates and 3-month recurrence rates following short-course antibiotic treatment (SCT, ≤3 days) and long-course antibiotic treatment (LCT, ≥4 days) were compared.

Results: A total of 96 patients were analyzed, among whom 22 (22.9%) received SCT, and 74 (77.1%) received LCT. The SCT and LCT groups had a median antibiotic treatment duration of 1.5 (range 1-3) and seven (range 4-17) days, respectively. Moreover, the SCT and LCT groups exhibited no significant differences in cholangitis grades, 30-day mortality rates (0%, 0/22 and 2.7%, 2/74, respectively), 3-month recurrence rates, length of hospitalization, and acute bacteremic cholangitis rates.

Conclusions: This study suggests that antibiotic treatment for ≤3 days may be adequate for patients with mild to moderate acute cholangitis due to choledocholithiasis who had undergone successful biliary drainage.