Simultaneous nitrification, denitrification and phosphorus removal in a continuous-flow moving bed biofilm reactor alternating microaerobic and aerobic conditions.

A continuous-flow moving bed biofilm reactor (IAMBBR) alternating microaerobic and aerobic conditions was used to remove carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus through simultaneous nitrification and denitrification coupled to phosphorus removal (SNDPR). The IAMBBR was operated under different dissolved oxygen (DO) ranges (0.2-2, 0.2-3 and 0.2-4 mg L) and feed C/N ratios (2.8, 3.6 and 4.2) at HRT of 1 day. At a DO range of 0.2-3 mg L and feed C/N ratio of 3.6, the IAMBBR achieved simultaneous removal of dissolved organic carbon (DOC), total inorganic nitrogen (TIN) and P-PO with average efficiencies of 100%, 62% and 75%, respectively. Illumina sequencing revealed the coexistence of nitrifiers and P-accumulating denitrifiers (e.g. Hydrogenophaga) in the IAMBBR biofilm. Batch activity tests showed that phosphorus uptake did not occur under stable anaerobic or anoxic conditions, nor under aerobic conditions in absence of nitrate.