Soilborne and Diversity From Rhododendron in Propagation, Container, and Field Production Systems of the Pacific Northwest.

Rhododendron root rot is a severe disease that causes significant mortality in rhododendrons. Information is needed about the incidence and identity of soilborne and species causing root rot in Pacific Northwest nurseries in order to better understand the disease etiology and to optimize disease control strategies. The last survey focusing solely on soilborne oomycete pathogens in rhododendron production was conducted in 1974. Since then, advances in pathogen identification have occurred, new species may have been introduced, pathogen communities may have shifted, and little is known about species affecting this crop. Therefore, a survey of root-infecting and species was conducted at seven nurseries from 2013 to 2017 to (i) document the incidence of root rot damage at each nursery and stage of production, (ii) identify soilborne oomycetes infecting rhododendron, and (iii) determine whether there are differences in pathogen diversity among nurseries and production systems. Rhododendrons from propagation, container, and field systems were sampled and and species were isolated from the roots and collar region. Root rot was rarely evident in propagation systems, which were dominated by species. However, severe root rot was much more common in container and field systems where the genus was also more prevalent, suggesting that species are the primary cause of severe root rot and that most contamination by these pathogens comes in after the propagation stage. In total, 20 species and 11 species were identified. , aff. , , and were the most frequently isolated species and the results showed that has become much more common than in the past. diversity was also greater in field systems than in propagation or container systems. Risks for contamination were commonly observed during the survey and included placement of potting media in direct contact with field soil, the presence of dead plants that could serve as continuous sources of inoculum, and the presence of excess water as a result of poor drainage, overirrigation, or malfunctioning irrigation equipment. In the past, research on disease development and root rot disease control in rhododendron focused almost exclusively on . More research is needed on both of these topics for the other root-infecting species identified in this survey.