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Methods to Adjust for Confounding in Test-Negative Design COVID-19 Effectiveness Studies: Simulation Study.
JMIR Form Res
January 2025
Vaccine Study Center, Northern California Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente, Oakland, CA, United States.
Background: Real-world COVID-19 vaccine effectiveness (VE) studies are investigating exposures of increasing complexity accounting for time since vaccination. These studies require methods that adjust for the confounding that arises when morbidities and demographics are associated with vaccination and the risk of outcome events. Methods based on propensity scores (PS) are well-suited to this when the exposure is dichotomous, but present challenges when the exposure is multinomial.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFOptic nerve sheath schwannoma: illustrative case.
J Neurosurg Case Lessons
January 2025
Department of Neurosurgery, General Hospital Bamberg, Bamberg, Germany.
Background: Optic nerve schwannomas are an extremely rare pathology in neurosurgery. Their origin is rather debatable given the structure of the optic nerve, which does not typically have Schwann cells therein. However, a number of clinical cases of optic nerve tumors classified as schwannomas have been described in the literature.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFracture-related infection (FRI) is a serious orthopaedic complication and its diagnosis, particularly in the upper extremity, is difficult and poorly defined in current literature. An international consensus definition of FRI was published in 2018, and our scoping review aims to investigate FRI diagnostic tools reported in the primary literature and their biostatistical utility. A review of articles generated from the PubMed/NCBI search term "fracture-related infection" was undertaken using PRISMA methodology.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBrucellosis, caused by a facultative intracellular gram-negative coccobacillus, is one of the most common zoonotic infections worldwide. Very rarely, brucellosis can cause periprosthetic joint infections (PJI). In this case-based literature review, we summarize the current medical literature regarding Brucella PJI, with the aim to raise awareness among clinicians, particularly in non-endemic areas.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFUnusual swelling of the hand and multiple nodules over the body - beware of mycobacteria.
Acta Orthop Belg
December 2024
Atypical mycobacteria can cause rare and atypical infections of the hand. We report the case of an immunocompetent 46-year-old male initially presenting with thumb felon and progressively developing symptoms of carpal tunnel syndrome, tenosynovitis of multiple fingers and a sporotrichoid lymphocutaneous infection causing chronic cutaneous lesions all over the body. We would like to highlight the diagnostic and therapeutic difficulties of these atypical infections, which mimic other conditions and can cause a lot of morbidity.
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