Early Versus Late Rib Fixation in Patients With Traumatic Rib Fractures: A Nationwide Study.

Background: The appropriate timing of rib fixation remains unclear. We investigated the efficacy of early rib fixation compared with late rib fixation, using data from a Japanese nationwide inpatient database.

Methods: We identified patients who underwent rib fixation and received mechanical ventilation from July 1, 2010, to March 31, 2018, using data from the Diagnosis Procedure Combination database in Japan. The primary outcome was the duration of mechanical ventilation after rib fixation. Secondary outcomes were the length of hospital stay after rib fixation, total hospitalization costs, tracheostomy, pneumonia after admission, and all-cause 28-day in-hospital mortality. We performed propensity score-adjusted analyses to compare outcomes between patients undergoing rib fixation less than or equal to 6 days after admission and those undergoing rib fixation greater than 6 days after admission.

Results: We identified 211 patients, including 113 patients undergoing early rib fixation and 98 patients undergoing late rib fixation. In the propensity score-adjusted analyses, early rib fixation was associated with shorter duration of mechanical ventilation (difference, -26.7%; 95% confidence interval [CI], -39.4% to -11.4%), shorter length of hospital stay (difference, -33.3%; 95% CI, -52.8% to -5.6%), and lower total hospitalization costs (difference, -28.7%; 95% CI, -38.4% to -17.5%). There were no significant differences between the groups regarding the proportions of patients receiving tracheostomy (odds ratio [OR], 0.67; 95% CI, 0.31-1.48), pneumonia after admission (OR, 0.74, 95% CI, 0.33-1.65), or all-cause 28-day in-hospital mortality (OR, 0.90, 95% CI, 0.06-12.5).

Conclusions: Early rib fixation was associated with better in-hospital outcomes.