AI Article Synopsis
- Retinoic acid (RA) is a signaling molecule derived from vitamin A, important for both development and adult functions, especially in the invertebrate chordate amphioxus.
- This chapter outlines specific protocols to investigate RA signaling's role in amphioxus, which is crucial for understanding chordate evolution due to its similar signaling system to vertebrates.
- The focus is on the development of GABAergic neurons in the central nervous system, with detailed methods for breeding amphioxus, treating embryos with drugs, and analyzing the results using techniques like whole mount in situ hybridization and confocal microscopy.
Article Abstract
Retinoic acid (RA) is a vitamin A-derived signaling molecule acting during development and in the adult. This chapter provides protocols to characterize the role of RA signaling during development of the invertebrate chordate amphioxus. As sister group to all other chordates and characterized by the most vertebrate-like RA signaling system of all invertebrates, amphioxus is an important model for studying the evolution of RA signaling. Focusing on the development of GABAergic neurons in the amphioxus central nervous system, we provide detailed protocols for maintaining and breeding adult animals, for performing pharmacological treatments of embryos and for analyzing the effects of these treatments by whole mount in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry coupled to confocal microscopy.
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| http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/bs.mie.2020.03.007 | DOI Listing |
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