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The effect of STI screening during pregnancy on vertical transmission of HIV and adverse pregnancy outcomes in South Africa: a modelling study.
J Int AIDS Soc
February 2025
Centre for Integrated Data and Epidemiological Research, School of Public Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.
Introduction: Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) in pregnancy are associated with an increased risk of vertical HIV transmission and adverse pregnancy and birth outcomes. In South Africa, syndromic management is the standard of care for STI management. We assessed the potential impact of point-of-care (POC) screening for curable STIs (Chlamydia trachomatis [CT], Trichomonas vaginalis [TV] and Neisseria gonorrhoeae [NG]) during pregnancy on vertical HIV transmission and adverse pregnancy and birth outcomes.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFDevelopment and validation of an EHR-based risk prediction model for geriatric patients undergoing urgent and emergency surgery.
BMC Anesthesiol
January 2025
Kaiser Permanente Division of Research, 2000 Broadway, Oakland, CA, 94612, USA.
Background: Clinical determination of patients at high risk of poor surgical outcomes is complex and may be supported by clinical tools to summarize the patient's own personalized electronic health record (EHR) history and vitals data through predictive risk models. Since prior models were not readily available for EHR-integration, our objective was to develop and validate a risk stratification tool, named the Assessment of Geriatric Emergency Surgery (AGES) score, predicting risk of 30-day major postoperative complications in geriatric patients under consideration for urgent and emergency surgery using pre-surgical existing electronic health record (EHR) data.
Methods: Patients 65-years and older undergoing urgent or emergency non-cardiac surgery within 21 hospitals 2017-2021 were used to develop the model (randomly split: 80% training, 20% test).
Ways to Measure Metals: From ICP-MS to XRF.
Curr Environ Health Rep
January 2025
School of Health Sciences, Purdue University, West-Lafayette, IN, 47906, USA.
Purpose Of Review: This review explores the use of Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS) and X-ray Fluorescence (XRF) for quantifying metals and metalloids in biological matrices such as hair, nails, blood, bone, and tissue. It provides a comprehensive overview of these methodologies, detailing their technological limitations, application scopes, and practical considerations for selection in both laboratory and field settings. By examining traditional and novel aspects of each method, this review aims to guide researchers and clinical practitioners in choosing the most suitable analytical tool based on their specific needs for sensitivity, precision, speed, and sample preparation.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFClassifying Unstructured Text in Electronic Health Records for Mental Health Prediction Models: Large Language Model Evaluation Study.
JMIR Med Inform
January 2025
School of Social Policy & Practice, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States.
Background: Prediction models have demonstrated a range of applications across medicine, including using electronic health record (EHR) data to identify hospital readmission and mortality risk. Large language models (LLMs) can transform unstructured EHR text into structured features, which can then be integrated into statistical prediction models, ensuring that the results are both clinically meaningful and interpretable.
Objective: This study aims to compare the classification decisions made by clinical experts with those generated by a state-of-the-art LLM, using terms extracted from a large EHR data set of individuals with mental health disorders seen in emergency departments (EDs).
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