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Background: Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) is a common pathogen causing non-tuberculous mycobacterial infections, primarily affecting the lungs. Disseminated MAC disease occurs mainly in immunocompromised individuals, such as those with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, hematological malignancies, or those positive for anti-interferon-γ antibodies. However, its occurrence in solid organ transplant recipients is uncommon.

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Background: Liver cirrhosis accounts for more than 90 % of portal hypertension cases, and the other cases are due to noncirrhotic portal hypertension (NCPH). Variceal bleeding is the most life-threatening complication of portal hypertension and its primary treatment is medical according to the Baveno VII guidelines. This review discusses the evidence on surgical portal decompression for adult patients with NCPH secondary to chronic extrahepatic portal vein obstruction (EHPVO).

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The Role of Sulfatides in Liver Health and Disease.

Front Biosci (Landmark Ed)

January 2025

Department of Surgery, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands.

Sulfatides or 3-O-sulfogalactosylceramide are negatively charged sulfated glycosphingolipids abundant in the brain and kidneys and play crucial roles in nerve impulse conduction and urinary pH regulation. Sulfatides are present in the liver, specifically in the biliary tract. Sulfatides are self-lipid antigens presented by cholangiocytes to activate cluster of differentiation 1d (CD1d)-restricted type II natural killer T (NKT) cells.

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Alcohol is the second-most misused substance after tobacco. It has been identified as a causal factor in more than 200 diseases and 5.3% of all deaths and is associated with significant behavioral, social, and economic difficulties.

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Soluble Herpes Virus Entry Mediator and Type II/III Interferons Are Upregulated in Primary Biliary Cholangitis.

Int J Mol Sci

January 2025

The Roger Williams Institute of Liver Studies, School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London & Foundation for Liver Research, London SE5 9NT, UK.

Bacterial translocation-induced inflammation and immune dysfunction are recognised factors contributing to the pathogenesis of primary biliary cholangitis (PBC). However, the specific involvement of interferons (IFNs) and soluble checkpoints (sol-CRs) in shaping the immune landscape in PBC patients remains unexplored. Furthermore, the influence of ursodeoxycholic acid (UDC) on these immune mediators is unknown.

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