Electrooculography (EOG) signals have been widely used in Human-Computer Interfaces (HCI). The HCI systems proposed in the literature make use of self-designed or closed environments, which restrict the number of potential users and applications. Here, we present a system for classifying four directions of eye movements employing EOG signals. The system is based on open source ecosystems, the Raspberry Pi single-board computer, the OpenBCI biosignal acquisition device, and an open-source python library. The designed system provides a cheap, compact, and easy to carry system that can be replicated or modified. We used Maximum, Minimum, and Median trial values as features to create a Support Vector Machine (SVM) classifier. A mean of 90% accuracy was obtained from 7 out of 10 subjects for online classification of Up, Down, Left, and Right movements. This classification system can be used as an input for an HCI, i.e., for assisted communication in paralyzed people.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20092443 | DOI Listing |
Cureus
December 2024
School of Allied Health Sciences, Manav Rachna International Institute of Research and Studies, Faridabad, IND.
Introduction: Sleep deprivation (SD), stemming from a myriad of aetiologies, is a prevalent health condition frequently overlooked. It typically impairs memory consolidation and synaptic plasticity, potentially through neuroinflammatory mechanisms and adenosinergic signalling. It is still unclear whether the adenosine A1 receptor (A1R) modulates SD-induced neurological deficits in the hippocampus.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSensors (Basel)
December 2024
Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, 34467 Istanbul, Istanbul, Turkey.
Classifying Motor Imaging (MI) Electroencephalogram (EEG) signals is of vital importance for Brain-Computer Interface (BCI) systems, but challenges remain. A key challenge is to reduce the number of channels to improve flexibility, portability, and computational efficiency, especially in multi-class scenarios where more channels are needed for accurate classification. This study demonstrates that combining Electrooculogram (EOG) channels with a reduced set of EEG channels is more effective than relying on a large number of EEG channels alone.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBiomed Eng Lett
January 2025
Department of Electronic Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763 Republic of Korea.
Demand for user authentication in virtual reality (VR) applications is increasing such as in-app payments, password manager, and access to private data. Traditionally, hand controllers have been widely used for the user authentication in VR environment, with which the users can typewrite a password or draw a pre-registered pattern; however, the conventional approaches are generally inconvenient and time-consuming. In this study, we proposed a new user authentication method based on eye-writing patterns identified using electrooculogram (EOG) recorded from four locations around the eyes in contact with the face-pad of a VR headset.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBrain Sci
November 2024
Department of Neurology, Beth Isreal Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02215, USA.
: Manually labeling sleep stages is time-consuming and labor-intensive, making automatic sleep staging methods crucial for practical sleep monitoring. While both single- and multi-channel data are commonly used in automatic sleep staging, limited research has adequately investigated the differences in their effectiveness. In this study, four public data sets-Sleep-SC, APPLES, SHHS1, and MrOS1-are utilized, and an advanced hybrid attention neural network composed of a multi-branch convolutional neural network and the multi-head attention mechanism is employed for automatic sleep staging.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMed J Armed Forces India
December 2024
Medical Cadet, Armed Forces Medical College, Pune, India.
Background: Sleep deprivation leads to decreased performance, alertness and degradation in the health status of a person. Often the person remains unaware of the reduced alertness and may end up taking inaccurate decisions. There was a need to study the sleep duration of college goers and to study the effect of total night-time sleep duration on daytime Electroencephalogram (EEG) characteristics.
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