Background/aims/methods: Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is still one of the most potent treatments in the acute phase of major depressive disorder (MDD) and particularly applied in patients considered treatment resistant. However, despite the frequent and widespread use of ECT for >70 years, the exact neurobiological mechanisms underlying its efficacy remain unclear. The present review aims to describe differential antidepressant and cognitive effects of ECT as well as effects on markers of neural activity and connectivity, neurochemistry, and inflammation that might underlie the treatment response and remission.
Results: Region- specific changes in brain function and volume along with changes in concentrations of neurotransmitters and neuroinflammatory cytokines might serve as potential biomarkers for ECT outcomes.
Conclusions: However, as current data is not consistent, future longitudinal investigations should combine modalities such as MRI, MR spectroscopy, and peripheral physiological measures to gain a deeper insight into interconnected time- and modality-specific changes in response to ECT.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000505553 | DOI Listing |
Psychoradiology
December 2024
Department of Neurology, the First Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei 230022, China.
Background: The hippocampus has been widely reported to be involved in the neuropathology of major depressive disorder (MDD). All the previous researches adopted group-level hippocampus subregions atlas to investigate abnormal functional connectivities in MDD in absence of capturing individual variability. In addition, the molecular basis of functional impairments of hippocampal subregions in MDD remains elusive.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBrain Behav Immun Health
February 2025
Department of Psychiatry & Biobehavioral Sciences, Jane and Terry Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
Background: Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is a highly efficacious intervention for severe and intractable depression. Evidence suggests ECT provokes an initial acute inflammatory response that subsequently decreases with repeated administration. However, relationships between inflammatory changes and clinical effects are unclear.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Psychiatr Res
January 2025
Department of Psychiatry, Bakirkoy Prof Mazhar Osman Training and Research Hospital for Psychiatry, Neurology, and Neurosurgery, Istanbul, Turkiye.
Objective: Evaluation of the effects of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) on systemic inflammatory markers in patients with severe mental disorders and determination of potential clinical predictors of treatment response.
Methods: The current retrospective cohort study included 156 patients with psychotic and mood disorders who underwent ECT. Pre- and post-ECT blood samples were collected to assess inflammatory markers, including C-reactive protein (CRP), neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), and other complete blood count derived indices.
Background: Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is a well-established and effective treatment for severe depression and other conditions. Though ECT induces a generalized seizure, it is unclear why seizures are therapeutic. This study analyzed relationships between pre-treatment brain morphology, stimulation dose, and seizure duration to better understand ECT-induced seizures.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAlpha Psychiatry
November 2024
Department of Psychiatry, Wuhan Wudong Hospital, Wuhan, China.
Objective: The aim of the study was to investigate the therapeutic effects of modified electroconvulsive therapy (MECT) in combination with risperidone tablets and psychotherapy in the treatment of patients with treatment-resistant schizophrenia (TRS).
Methods: Patients with TRS admitted to the psychiatric department of our hospital between January 2018 and December 2019 were selected as study participants. They were randomly divided into a control group and a study group, with the control group receiving risperidone tablets and psychotherapy, and the study group undergoing MECT as well as the control group treatment.
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