Metal oxide nanoparticles for the decontamination of toxic chemical and biological compounds.

Int J Pharm

Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, LAGEPP UMR 5007, 43 boulevard du 11 novembre 1918, F-69100 Villeurbanne, France; Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Laboratoire de Dermopharmacie et Cosmétologie, Institut des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologique, F-69373 Villeurbanne, France. Electronic address:

Published: June 2020

AI Article Synopsis

  • * Current decontamination systems, like Fuller's Earth, only adsorb harmful agents but do not neutralize them, leading to potential cross-contamination issues.
  • * This study explores metal oxide nanoparticles for their ability to both adsorb and degrade toxic compounds, finding that MgO is effective against chemical and biological threats, although it lacks sporicidal properties.

Article Abstract

For several years, the international context is deeply affected by the use of chemical and biological weapons. The use of CBRN (Chemical Biological Radiological Nuclear) threat agents from military stockpiles or biological civilian industry demonstrate the critical need to improve capabilities of decontamination for civilians and military. Physical decontamination systems that operate only by adsorption and displacement such as Fuller's Earth, have the drawback of not neutralizing hazardous agents, giving place to cross contaminations. Consequently, the development of a formulation based on metal oxide nanoparticles attracts considerable interest, since they offer physicochemical properties that allow them to both adsorb and degrade toxic compounds. Thus, the aim of this study is to found metal oxide nanoparticles with a versatile activity on both chemical and biological toxic agents. Therefore, several metal oxides such as MgO, TiO, CeO, ZnO and ZrO were characterized and their decontamination kinetics of less-toxic surrogate of VX, paraoxon, were studied in vitro. To determine the antimicrobial activity of these nanoparticles, simulants of biological terrorist threat were used by performing a 3-hours decontamination kinetics. This proof-of-concept study showed that MgO is the only one that exhibits both chemical and antibacterial actions but without sporicidal activity.

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http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpharm.2020.119373DOI Listing

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