The solubility profile of codeine phosphate in the carbitol and 2-propanol mixtures at 293.2-313.2 K are determined and correlated with some developed cosolvency models. Moreover, the density values of codeine phosphate saturated solutions are also determined and fitted with the Jouyban-Acree model. The model accuracy is investigated by calculating the mean relative deviations (MRDs%). The thermodynamic parameters of codeine phosphate dissolution in the non-aqueous mixtures of carbitol and 2-propanol are also computed by using van't Hoff and Gibbs equations.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03639045.2020.1762203 | DOI Listing |
Acta Paediatr
January 2025
Department of Paediatric Gastroenterology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
Aim: Nutritional measures often suffice for managing high-output ileostomy (HOI) in paediatric patients, but pharmacological treatment may be required to control ostomy output. This paper reviews the literature on the pharmacological management of paediatric HOI and provides recommendations.
Methods: PubMed and Embase were searched for relevant articles up to 22 May 2024.
J Biol Eng
January 2025
The Department of Chemical Engineering and the Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia.
The cultivation of opium poppy is the only commercially viable source of most morphinan alkaloids. Bioproduction of morphinan alkaloids in recombinant whole-cell systems provides a promising alternate source of these valuable compounds. The enzyme codeine 3-O-demethylase can transform morphinan alkaloids by O-demethylation and has been applied in single step biotransformation reactions or as part of larger biosynthetic cascade, however, the productivity for these reactions remains low and suboptimal enzyme properties could be improved.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPLoS One
January 2025
Dept. of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, McLean Hospital, Belmont, Massachusetts, United States of America.
Opioid dependence is defined by an aversive withdrawal syndrome upon drug cessation that can motivate continued drug-taking, development of opioid use disorder, and precipitate relapse. An understudied but common opioid withdrawal symptom is disrupted sleep, reported as both insomnia and daytime sleepiness. Despite the prevalence and severity of sleep disturbances during opioid withdrawal, there is a gap in our understanding of their interactions.
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