Bioresource technology

1873-29763092020AugBioresource technologyBioresour TechnolFacile synthesis of xanthan biopolymer integrated 3D hierarchical graphene oxide/titanium dioxide composite for adsorptive lead removal in wastewater.12329612329610.1016/j.biortech.2020.123296S0960-8524(20)30568-XXanthan integrated graphene oxide functionalized by titanium dioxide was successfully prepared through facile, eco-friendly and cost effective ice-templating technique. The three-dimensional (3D) graphene composite demonstrated relatively high temperature stability, chemical functionalities and porous sponge-like structure. The adsorption of lead was favored by high initial concentration and shaking speed at the operational solution pH. The process equilibrium and kinetic adhered to the Langmuir and pseudo-second-order correlations, respectively. The biomass integrated graphene composite showed maximum adsorption capacities ranging from 132.18 to 199.22 mg/g for 30-70 °C. Moreover, it was highly regenerable under mild conditions (0.1 M hydrochloric acid, 30 °C) and used repeatedly while retaining 84.78% of its initial adsorption capacity at the fifth adsorption-regeneration cycle. With comparatively high lead adsorption capacities, adequate recyclability and environmentally friendliness, the as-prepared 3D graphene composite has high application potential in heavy metal-wastewater separation for protection of the environment and human health.Copyright © 2020 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.LaiKar ChiewKCDepartment of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia, 43500 Semenyih, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.LeeLai YeeLYDepartment of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia, 43500 Semenyih, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia. Electronic address: lai-yee.lee@nottingham.edu.my.HiewBillie Yan ZhangBYZDepartment of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia, 43500 Semenyih, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.Thangalazhy-GopakumarSuchithraSDepartment of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia, 43500 Semenyih, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.GanSuyinSDepartment of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia, 43500 Semenyih, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.engJournal Article20200406