Vaginal repaired cesarean section diverticulum is beneficial in women with two prior cesarean sections.

Background: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of vaginal repair in patients with cesarean section diverticulum (CSD) who had one or two previous cesarean sections (CSs).

Methods: From January 2012 to December 2014, 248 women with CSD underwent vaginal repair surgery in Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital. These included 193 women with one previous cesarean section and 55 women with two previous cesarean sections. Excision and suture of CSD was performed through a vaginal approach. The duration of menstruation, the length, width and depth of the CSD and thickness of the remaining muscular layer (TRM) were evaluated before and after surgery by transvaginal three-dimensional (3D) color Doppler ultrasound.

Results: A total of 221 (89.11%) women were followed-up for more than 3 months, and 168 (67.74%) women were followed-up for more than 6 months. There were significant differences in the average duration of menstruation (7.77 ± 2.05 and 8.02 ± 2.06 days VS 13.99 ± 3.71 days), the average size of CSD (5.54*9.19*5.60 and 5.75*9.04*6.18 mm VS 7.99*12.43*6.62 mm) and the TRM (7.61 ± 2.52 and 7.60 ± 3.00 mm VS 2.51 ± 1.02 mm) after surgery compared with those figures before surgery. The results of this study reveal that vaginal repair could shorten the duration of menstruation and improve anatomical defects (P < 0.05). Moreover, there was no significant difference in the effect of clinical repair between women with one or two previous cesarean sections (P > 0.05).

Conclusion: In CSD patients, the clinical effectiveness of vaginal repair was equivalent between women with one or two previous cesarean sections.