Heterojunction photocatalysts are widely adopted for efficient water splitting, but ion migration can seriously threaten the stability of heterojunctions, as with the well-known low stability of CdS-CuS due to intrinsic Cu ion migration. Here, we utilize Cu migration to design a stratified CdS-CuS/MoS photocatalyst, in which Cu@MoS (Cu-intercalated within the MoS basal plane) is created by Cu migration and intercalation to the adjacent MoS surface. The epitaxial vertical growth of the Cu@MoS nanosheets on the surface of one-dimensional core-shell CdS-CuS nanorods forms catalytic and protective layers to simultaneously enhance catalytic activity and stability. Charge transfer is verified by kinetics measurements with femtosecond time-resolved transient absorption spectroscopy and direct mapping of the surface charge distribution with a scanning ion conductance microscope. This design strategy demonstrates the potential of utilizing hybridized surface layers as effective catalytic and protective interfaces for photocatalytic hydrogen production.
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