The yeast, the antifungal, and the wardrobe: a journey into antifungal resistance mechanisms of .

is a prominent non- species involved in cases of candidemia, mainly causing infections in patients in intensive care units and (or) those presenting neutropenia. In recent years, several studies have reported an increase in the recovery rates of azole-resistant isolates. Understanding resistance is of great importance, since resistant strains are implicated in persistent or recurrent and breakthrough infections. In this review, we address the main mechanisms underlying resistance to the major antifungal classes used to treat candidiasis. The main genetic basis involved in antifungal resistance is discussed. A better understanding of the epidemiology of resistant strains and the mechanisms involved in resistance can help improve diagnosis and assessment of the antifungal susceptibility of this species to improve clinical management.