In this paper, a methodology for conducting a computer simulation of the frictional heating process of a multi-disc braking system is proposed. The single braking of a system of three identical discs made of carbon-carbon (C/C) carbon frictional composite material (CFCM) is considered. In order to determine the operational characteristics of the brake, a heat dynamics of friction (HDF) system of equations is formulated, which takes into account the contact pressure rise time, thermal sensitivity of the C/C material, the change in the coefficient of friction during braking, the parameters of the friction surface's microgeometry and the mutual influence of sliding velocity and temperature. A numerical solution using the finite element method (FEM) of the HDF system of equations allows us to determine changes in key braking process characteristics, such as work done, braking torque, friction coefficient, heat transfer coefficient, velocity and temperature. Finally, a comparative analysis of the results obtained for three different time profiles of the coefficient of friction is carried out.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13081878 | DOI Listing |
J Virol
January 2025
Centre for Heart Lung Innovation, St. Paul's Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
Unlabelled: Enteroviruses cause nearly 1 billion global infections annually and are associated with a diverse array of human illnesses. Among these, myocarditis and the resulting chronic inflammation have been recognized as major contributing factors to virus-induced heart failure. Despite our growing understanding, very limited therapeutic strategies have been developed to address the pathological consequences of virus-induced chronic innate immune activation.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Infect Dev Ctries
December 2024
Department of Immunology, School of Medicine and Dr. Jose Eleuterio Gonzalez University Hospital, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, Mexico.
Co-inhibitory molecules, such as cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA-4) and programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1), known as immune checkpoints, regulate the activity of T and myeloid cells during chronic viral infections and are well-established for their roles in cancer therapy. However, their involvement in chronic bacterial infections, particularly those caused by pathogens endemic to developing countries, such as Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), remains incompletely understood. Cytokine microenvironment determines the expression of co-inhibitory molecules in tuberculosis: Results indicate that the cytokine IL-12, in the presence of Mtb antigens, can enhance the expression of co-inhibitory molecules while preserving the effector and memory phenotypes of CD4+ T cells.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEnviron Sci Pollut Res Int
January 2025
Mechanical Engineering Department, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia.
The majority of industries throughout the world rely largely on fossil fuels as their primary energy source. However, these resources are finite and become scarcer by the day. Therefore, exploring alternative fuels and additives for diesel fuel is imperative to mitigate fuel consumption.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFISA Trans
January 2025
School of Mechanical Engineering, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan 523015, China; School of Mechanical Engineering, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao 066004, China. Electronic address:
Excavators, a type of human-operated construction machinery, suffer from poor hydraulic load braking stability, which seriously affects operator comfort. To address this challenge, this study investigates load braking laws through model analysis and designs an open-loop control algorithm called command reshaping, which can prolong the small-opening time of the main valve by segmentally adjusting the joystick command during load braking and then actively adjusting the key parameters reflecting the system's kinetic-potential energy state, thereby suppressing braking oscillations. The experimental results based on a 1.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFToxicology
January 2025
National Human Diseases Animal Model Resource Center, National Center of Technology Innovation for animal model, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity, NHC Key Laboratory of Comparative Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Models of Emerging and Reemerging Infectious Diseases, Beijing Engineering Research Center for Experimental Animal Models of Human Critical Diseases, Institute of Laboratory Animal Science, CAMS & PUMC, Beijing, China. Electronic address:
The environmental impact of harmful particles from tire and brake systems is a growing concern. This study investigated the health impacts of PM emissions from brake pad wear on adult C57BL/6 mice. The mice were exposed to brake pad particles via intratracheal infusion, and various health parameters were assessed.
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