In place of continuous overhead satellite views of an environment, the brain often relies on first-person experiences to estimate spatial relationships between locations. Using new methods, a recent study has found the spatial metric observed in hippocampal activity adapts to encode local environmental terrain.
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A generalizable normative deep autoencoder for brain morphological anomaly detection: application to the multi-site StratiBip dataset on bipolar disorder in an external validation framework.
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Department of Electronics, Information and Bioengineering, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy; Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy.
The heterogeneity of psychiatric disorders makes researching disorder-specific neurobiological markers an ill-posed problem. Here, we face the need for disease stratification models by presenting a generalizable multivariate normative modelling framework for characterizing brain morphology, applied to bipolar disorder (BD). We used deep autoencoders in an anomaly detection framework, combined for the first time with a confounder removal step that integrates training and external validation.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFComparative analysis of Voxel-based morphometry using T1 and T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging to explore the relationship between brain structure and cognitive abilities.
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Department of Neuroscience and Addiction Studies, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Voxel-based morphometry (VBM) of T1-weighted (T1-w) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is primarily used to study the association of brain structure with cognitive functions. However, in theory, T2-weighted (T2-w) MRI could also be used in VBM studies because of its sensitivity to pathology and tissue changes. We aimed to compare the T1-w and T2-w images to study brain structures in association with cognitive abilities.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFComprehensive bioinformatics analysis identifies hub genes associated with immune cell infiltration in early-onset schizophrenia.
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The Fifth Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, The Fifth Clinical Medical College of Shanxi Medical University, Shanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Taiyuan, 030032, China.
Background: Early-onset schizophrenia (EOS) occurs between the ages of 13 and 17 years, and neurobiological factors leading to cognitive deficits and psychotic symptoms with varying degrees of positive and negative symptoms. Numerous studies have demonstrated a broad link between immune dysregulation and the central nervous system in EOS, and its pathogenesis involves immune dysfunction, but the exact biological mechanisms have not been elucidated. This study employs immune infiltration analysis and bioinformatics to unveil the pathogenic mechanisms of EOS and identify potential diagnostic biomarkers, aiming for more precise clinical interventions.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFUnlabelled: Adaptive behavior in complex environments requires integrating visual perception with memory of our spatial environment. Recent work has implicated three brain areas in posterior cerebral cortex - the place memory areas (PMAs) that are anterior to the three visual scene perception areas (SPAs) - in this function. However, PMAs' relationship to the broader cortical hierarchy remains unclear due to limited group-level characterization.
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Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
Despite the widespread use of the Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) framework in psychiatry and neuroscience, recent studies suggest that the RDoC is insufficiently specific or excessively broad relative to the underlying brain circuitry it seeks to elucidate. To address these concerns, we employ a latent variable approach using bifactor analysis. We examine 84 whole-brain task-based fMRI (tfMRI) activation maps from 19 studies with 6192 participants.
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