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The vascular organ of the lamina terminalis, subfornical organ (SFO), and area postrema comprise the sensory circumventricular organs (CVO) which are central structures that lie outside the blood brain barrier and are thought to provide an interface between peripherally circulating signals and the brain through their projections to central autonomic structures. The SFO expresses mRNA for the G protein-coupled apelin receptor (APJ, gene name aplnr) and exogenous microinjection of the neuropeptide apelin (apln) to the SFO elicits a depressor effect. Here we investigated the expression and cellular distribution of aplnr, apln and the recently described ligand apela (apela) in the CVOs and investigated whether differences in the levels of expression of apelinergic gene transcripts in these regions might underlie the chronic elevated blood pressure seen in hypertension. We carried out multiplex in situ hybridization histochemistry on CVO tissue sections from spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and normotensive Wistar Kyoto (WKY) controls. Confocal immunofluorescent images indicated strong aplnr expression, with lower levels of apln and modest apela expression, in the CVOs of both WKY rats and SHRs, in both neurons and glia. The expression level of aplnr transcripts was increased in the SFO of SHRs compared to WKY rats. Our data may highlight a potential dysfunction in the communication between CVOs and downstream signalling pathways in SHRs, which may contribute to its different phenotype/s.
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http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7173921 | PMC |
http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0231844 | PLOS |
Int J Mol Sci
December 2024
Department of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Medical University of Sofia, 1431 Sofia, Bulgaria.
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic neurodegenerative disorder involving demyelination. The cuprizone model is commonly used to study MS by inducing oligodendrocyte stress and demyelination. The subventricular zone (SVZ) plays a key role in neurogenesis, while the neuronal/glial antigen 2 (NG2) is a marker for immature glial cells, involved in oligodendrocyte differentiation.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNeuroscience
December 2024
Rehabilitation Sciences and Engineering, University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China. Electronic address:
Apelin, an endogenous ligand of G protein-coupled receptor APJ, is widely distributed in the central nervous system (CNS). It can be divided into such subtypes as Apelin-13, Apelin-17, and Apelin-36 as they have different amino acid structures. All Apelin is widely studied as an adipokine, showing a significant protective effect through regulating apoptosis, autophagy, oxidative stress, angiogenesis, inflammation, and other pathophysiological processes.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFClin Transl Med
December 2024
Department of Pathology of Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, and Department of Pharmacology,and Liangzhu Laboratory, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.
Clin Transl Med
December 2024
Department of Cardiology and Institute of Vascular Medicine, Peking University Third Hospital,Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences,Peking University Health Science Center,State Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis and Remodeling, Peking University, Beijing, China.
Biomedicines
November 2024
Division of Medical Biology, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-368 Wrocław, Poland.
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