Drug hypersensitivity in the fast lane: What clinicians should know about phenotypes, endotypes, and biomarkers.

Objective: To review novel concepts in drug hypersensitivity and the management of immediate hypersensitivity reactions.

Data Sources: English language literature on MEDLINE and Embase surrounding drug hypersensitivity and desensitization.

Study Selections: References were selected based on relevance, date of publication, and originality.

Results: There are numerous citations looking at categorizing drug reactions, pathogenesis, biomarkers, and desensitization. Current understanding supports the use of a phenotype-endotype-biomarker model for categorizing immediate hypersensitivity reactions. Drug desensitization is a powerful therapeutic strategy that enables temporary induction of tolerance to medications that triggered immediate reactions.

Conclusion: Immediate hypersensitivity reactions are diverse in presentation and pathogenesis. Drug desensitization is an effective intervention with sufficient evidence to support its more widespread availability.