Stimulation of the pineal gland via its sympathetic innervation pathway results in the production of N-acetylserotonin and melatonin. Melatonin has many therapeutic roles and is heavily implicated in the regulation of the sleep-wake cycle. In addition, N-acetylserotonin has recently been reported to promote neurogenesis in the brain. Upregulation of these indoleamines is possible via neuromodulation of the pineal gland. This is achieved by electrical stimulation of structures or fibres in the pineal gland sympathetic innervation pathway. Many studies have performed such pineal neuromodulation using both invasive and non-invasive methods. However, the effects of various experimental variables and stimulation paradigms has not yet been reviewed and evaluated. This review summarises these studies and presents the optimal experimental protocols and stimulation parameters necessary for maximal upregulation of melatonin metabolic output.
Download full-text PDF |
Source |
|---|---|
| http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7145358 | PMC |
| http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnins.2020.00264 | DOI Listing |
Publication Analysis
Top Keywords
Similar Publications
Purpose: Although fluoride is known to be effective and safe, an increasing number of parents refuse to allow fluoride applications for their children. This study aimed to compare the parents who accepted and rejected fluoride application for their children in terms of their attitudes toward fluoride and vaccinations, sociodemographic characteristics, and source of knowledge.
Materials And Methods: In this cross-sectional study, a previously validated questionnaire was administered to 85 parents who did not consent to have topical fluoride applied to their children's teeth (AF group) and the 143 parents who consented to have it applied (F group) in a pediatric dentistry clinic.
Cracking the code: Are tumor markers the key to unlocking pineal gland lesions diagnostics.
Clin Neurol Neurosurg
January 2025
Department of Neurosurgery, Neurosurgery Clinic, Birgung, Nepal. Electronic address:
Morphology of the Human Pineal Gland Studied by Freeze-Fracturing in Scanning Electron Microscopy.
Life (Basel)
December 2024
Institute of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Špitálska Street 24, 813 72 Bratislava, Slovakia.
The human pineal gland is the largest producer of the hormone melatonin. Pineal acervuli (brain sand), calcified concretions in the pineal gland, have long been studied because of their association with ageing, melatonin production, and neurological disorders. The solid inorganic matter of the hydroxyapatite crystals often renders sample sectioning impossible, to the extent that the sections lose value.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe Role of Melatonin on Caprine () Sperm Freezability: A Review.
Antioxidants (Basel)
November 2024
Laboratorio de Reproducción Animal, Unidad de Investigación Multidisciplinaria, Facultad de Estudios Superiores Cuautitlán, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Mexico, Cuautitlán Izcalli 54714, Mexico.
In mammals, the pineal hormone melatonin is the most powerful pacemaker of the master circadian clock and is responsible for reproduction in seasonal breeders. It is also well known that melatonin and its metabolites play antioxidant roles in many tissues, including reproductive cells. Melatonin synthesis and secretion from the pineal gland occurs during scotophase (the dark phase during a day-night cycle), while its inhibition is observed during photophase (period of light during a day-night cycle).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFUltrasound modulation of melatonin release from pineal glands in vitro.
Ultrasonics
January 2025
Department of Biomedical Engineering, The George Washington University, 800 22 nd St. NW Suite 5000, Washington, DC 20052, United States of America. Electronic address:
Objectives: In this study, we aim to investigate whether therapeutic ultrasound can modulate the release of melatonin from the pineal gland-either increasing or decreasing its levels-and to assess the safety of this technique. This research could address a significant clinical need by providing a noninvasive method to potentially regulate sleep and circadian rhythms through the targeted modulation of melatonin.
Methods: Rat pineal glands were placed in a well with a Krebs Ringer Buffer solution.
Want AI Summaries of new PubMed Abstracts delivered to your In-box?
Enter search terms and have AI summaries delivered each week - change queries or unsubscribe any time!