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Explainable AI improves task performance in human-AI collaboration.
Sci Rep
December 2024
ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
Artificial intelligence (AI) provides considerable opportunities to assist human work. However, one crucial challenge of human-AI collaboration is that many AI algorithms operate in a black-box manner where the way how the AI makes predictions remains opaque. This makes it difficult for humans to validate a prediction made by AI against their own domain knowledge.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBreastfeeding Trends Following the US Infant Formula Shortage.
Pediatrics
December 2024
Department of Agricultural and Resource Economics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut.
Objective: Breastfeeding enhances maternal and child health, yet US breastfeeding rates remain below optimal levels and substantial disparities persist. The 2022 infant formula crisis had the potential to influence infant feeding practices due to formula shortages and fears about the safety of formula feeding in the wake of recalls. This report studies the evolution of breastfeeding-initiation trends during the infant formula crisis and compares the effects across subpopulations.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe abundance, removal efficiency, and characteristics of microplastics in three urban wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) on the southern coast of the Caspian Sea.
Environ Monit Assess
December 2024
Department of Earth Sciences, College of Science, Shiraz University, Shiraz, 71454, Iran.
Wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) are one of the major collection points of microplastics (MPs). The MPs in influents and effluents of WWTPs were assessed for three cities on the southern coast of the Caspian Sea in the winter and spring seasons. The MP removal rate of WWTPs ranged between 71.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIntroduction: This report describes the self-reported prevalence of daily screen time among teenagers ages 12-17 years and explores whether differences exist by selected characteristics and demographics.
Methods: Data from the July 2021-December 2023 National Health Interview Survey-Teen were used for this analysis. Point estimates and the corresponding confidence intervals were calculated using SAS-callable SUDAAN software to account for the complex sample design of NHIS-Teen.
Heterogeneous Interface Engineering of 2D Black Phosphorus-Based Materials for Enhanced Photocatalytic Performance.
Small
December 2024
Hunan Key Laboratory for Micro-Nano Energy Materials and Devices, and School of Physics and Optoelectronic, Xiangtan University, Hunan, 411105, P. R. China.
Photocatalysis has garnered significant attention as a sustainable approach for energy conversion and environmental management. 2D black phosphorus (BP) has emerged as a highly promising semiconductor photocatalyst owing to its distinctive properties. However, inherent issues such as rapid recombination of photogenerated electrons and holes severely impede the photocatalytic efficacy of single BP.
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