Background: Recording electroencephalography (EEG) from the targeted cortex immediately before and after focal transcranial electrical stimulation (TES) remains a challenge.
Methods: We introduce a hybrid stimulation-recording approach where a single EEG electrode is inserted into the inner electrode of a double-ring montage for focal TES. The new combined electrode was placed at the C3 position of the EEG 10-20 system. Neuronal activity was recorded in two volunteers before and after 20 Hz alternating-current TES at peak-to-peak intensities of 1 and 2 mA. TES-induced electric field distributions were simulated with SIMNIBS software.
Results: Using the hybrid stimulation-recording set-up, EEG activity was successfully recorded directly before and after TES. Simulations revealed comparable electrical fields in the stimulated cortex for the pseudomonopolar montage with and without embedded EEG electrode.
Conclusion: The hybrid TES-EEG approach can be used to probe after-effects of focal TES on neuronal activity in the targeted cortex.
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