Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) affects approximately 1% of the total world population. Despite incessant research and development of new therapeutic agents, management of RA is still a troublesome affair. Histone Deacetylase 1 (HDAC1) is an epigenetic regulator which play important role in pathogenesis of RA. In present study, we hypothesized that Phenethyl isothiocyanate (PEITC), a potent inhibitor of HDAC1, may ameliorate RA. Efficacy of PEITC was evaluated in Complete Freund's Adjuvant (CFA) induced arthritis model in rats. CFA (0.1 ml) was injected subplantarly in the left hind paw on day 0 to all the groups except normal control. The administration of test drug PEITC (10, 24 & 50 mg/kg) and standard drug Ibuprofen started simultaneously and was continued for 21 days. Paw edema, total arthritic index, mobility score, stair climbing ability, behavioral parameters, and bone erosion were evaluated. Further, radiographic studies, TNF-alpha as well as HDAC1 levels in synovial tissue homogenate and histological analysis were performed. Prophylactic treatment of PEITC attenuated paw edema, total arthritic index, mobility score, stair climbing ability, behavioral parameters, and bone erosion in dose dependent manner. Furthermore, there was significant decrease in TNF-alpha as well as HDAC1 levels in synovial tissue homogenate. Histological analysis revealed no cartilage damage, bone erosion, hyperplasia at synovial lining as well as infiltration of inflammatory cells in treatment group. Results of this study suggest potent anti-rheumatoid arthritis activity of Phenethyl isothiocyanate in CFA induced RA model in rats.
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