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Visual attention matters during word recognition: A Bayesian modeling approach.
Psychon Bull Rev
January 2025
Université Grenoble Alpes, Université Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, LPNC, 38000, Grenoble, France.
It is striking that visual attention, the process by which attentional resources are allocated in the visual field so as to locally enhance visual perception, is a pervasive component of models of eye movements in reading, but is seldom considered in models of isolated word recognition. We describe BRAID, a new Bayesian word-Recognition model with Attention, Interference and Dynamics. As most of its predecessors, BRAID incorporates three sensory, perceptual, and orthographic knowledge layers together with a lexical membership submodel.
View Article and Find Full Text PDF"Just Listen to Me. Help Me Explore it." An Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis Exploring Experiences of Gender Dysphoria, Identity And Resilience in Autistic Adolescents Assigned Female at Birth.
J Autism Dev Disord
January 2025
Department of Clinical Psychology, School of Health in Social Science, Medical School, University of Edinburgh, Teviot Place, Central Campus, Edinburgh, EH8 9AG, UK.
Much of the current autism and gender literature has been based within a medical deficiency model; where both are seen as deficiencies rather than differences. However, there is currently minimal knowledge about the experiences of being an autistic adolescent who is both assigned female at birth and has gender dysphoria (GD), whilst even less is known about their experiences of social identity, self-concept and resilience. This study aims to explore experiences of GD with a particular focus on identity and resilience to promote parent and healthcare staff understanding; particularly around gender-affirming care, to foster positive mental health outcomes.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFOsteoporosis in Older Men: Informing Patient Management and Improving Health-Related Outcomes.
Drugs Aging
January 2025
Orthopedics and Traumatology Department, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia Medical School, Perugia, Italy.
Osteoporosis has been usually considered a female disease, generally causing more fracture risk and complications in adult and older women compared to older men. While vertebral fractures occur in a small proportion of men during middle age, men generally fracture about 10 years later than women, with significant increases in fracture risk after about age 75. Independent of age, men experiencing fragility fractures have a higher risk of life-threatening events compared to women, but the risk of secondary fragility fracture overlaps between men and women.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFUtilising causal inference methods to estimate effects and strategise interventions in observational health data.
PLoS One
January 2025
Applied Artificial Intelligence Institute (A2I2), Deakin University, Geelong, Australia.
Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) are the gold standard for evaluating health interventions but often face ethical and practical challenges. When RCTs are not feasible, large observational data sets emerge as a pivotal resource, though these data sets may be subject to bias and unmeasured confounding. Traditional statistical (or non-causal) learning methods, while useful, face limitations in fully uncovering causal effects, i.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPrioritization of causal genes from genome-wide association studies by Bayesian data integration across loci.
PLoS Comput Biol
January 2025
Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America.
Motivation: Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified genetic variants, usually single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), associated with human traits, including disease and disease risk. These variants (or causal variants in linkage disequilibrium with them) usually affect the regulation or function of a nearby gene. A GWAS locus can span many genes, however, and prioritizing which gene or genes in a locus are most likely to be causal remains a challenge.
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