Potential use of C-phycocyanin in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.

C-phycocyanin (C-PC) is a kind of photosynthetically assisted pigment, which is ubiquitous in cyanobacteria cells. We investigated the effect of C-PC on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and its mechanism. Through oil red O staining, TC/TG detection, liver SOD/MDA detection and liver H&E staining, we found that C-PC could significantly reduce the lipid accumulation in the steatosis L02 cells and the liver of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) mice, and improve the antioxidant capacity of liver. The results of Western Blotting showed that C-PC upregulated the expression of AMPK phosphorylation and downregulated SREBP-1c and its target genes ACC and FAS expression levels. Furthermore, C-PC also upregulated the expression of transcription factor PPARα, which was regulated by AMPK, and its target genes CPT1 level. In addition, C-PC could promote AMPK phosphorylation in hepatocytes while increasing the phosphorylation level of ACC in vivo and in vitro. Besides, C-PC could also improve the liver inflammatory infiltration by upregulated the expression of PPARγ and downregulated the expression of CD36, IL6 and TNFα. These results indicate that C-PC may improve hepatic lipid accumulation and inflammation in the non-alcoholic fatty liver mice by activating AMPK pathway of hepatocytes. The finding provides important help for the research and development of C-PC in the nutraceuticals and therapeutics of NAFLD.