Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is a highly metastatic cancer that is consistently associated with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection. In this study, we identify for the first time a role for monoamine oxidase A (MAOA) in NPC. MAOA is a mitochondrial enzyme that catalyzes oxidative deamination of neurotransmitters and dietary amines. Depending on the cancer type, MAOA can either have a tumour-promoting or tumour-suppressive role. We show that MAOA is down-regulated in primary NPC tissues and its down-regulation enhances the migration of NPC cells. In addition, we found that EBV infection can down-regulate MAOA expression in both pre-malignant and malignant nasopharyngeal epithelial (NPE) cells. We further demonstrate that MAOA is down-regulated as a result of IL-6/IL-6R/STAT3 signalling and epigenetic mechanisms, effects that might be attributed to EBV infection in NPE cells. Taken together, our data point to a central role for EBV in mediating the tumour suppressive effects of MAOA and that loss of MAOA could be an important step in the pathogenesis of NPC.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-63150-0 | DOI Listing |
Herpesviruses, including the oncogenic Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV), must bypass host DNA sensing mechanisms to establish infection. The first viral latency protein expressed, EBNA-LP, is essential for transformation of naïve B cells, yet its role in evading host defenses remains unclear. Using single-cell RNA sequencing of EBNA-LP-Knockout (LPKO)-infected B cells, we reveal an antiviral response landscape implicating the 'speckled proteins' as key restriction factors countered by EBNA-LP.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFInfect Drug Resist
December 2024
Beijing Institute of Tropical Medicine, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
Purpose: pneumonia (PJP) shows a high fatality rate in non-HIV patients. However, there are limited data on drug resistance-related gene mutations in these patients. This study aimed to describe the prevalence of mutations in the dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) and dihydropteroate synthase (DHPS) genes of in non-HIV patients in China, providing a reference for drug usage.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Recent biomedical research has shown the unusual, multisystem effects of coronavirus disease 2019 in humans. One specific sequela of a primary severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection is the reactivation of latent viruses in various tissues, such as Epstein-Barr virus. Epstein-Barr virus has been identified in many inflammatory gastrointestinal lesions, such as microscopic gastritides and colitides.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFTrends Immunol
December 2024
Immunobiology Laboratory, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel and University Hospital of Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Disease (CITIID), Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
When B cells engage in an immune response, metabolic reprogramming is key to meeting cellular energetic and biosynthetic demands. Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is a highly prevalent gamma-herpesvirus, latently infecting B cells for the human host's lifetime. By hijacking signaling pathways of T cell-dependent humoral immunity, EBV activates B cells in a T cell-independent manner, forcing lymphoblastoid transformation.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCell Tissue Res
December 2024
Cancer Research Institute, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
Blastocyst complementation can potentially generate a rodent model with humanized nasopharyngeal epithelium (NE) that supports sustained Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection, enabling comprehensive studies of EBV biology in nasopharyngeal carcinoma. However, during this process, the specific gene knockouts required to establish a developmental niche for NE remain unclear. We performed bioinformatics analyses and generated Foxa1 mutant mice to confirm that Foxa1 disruption could potentially create a developmental niche for NE.
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