The Norway rat has important impacts on our life. They are amongst the most used research subjects, resulting in ground-breaking advances. At the same time, wild rats live in close association with us, leading to various adverse interactions. In face of this relevance, it is surprising how little is known about their natural behaviour. While recent laboratory studies revealed their complex social skills, little is known about their social behaviour in the wild. An integration of these different scientific approaches is crucial to understand their social life, which will enable us to design more valid research paradigms, develop more effective management strategies, and to provide better welfare standards. Hence, I first summarise the literature on their natural social behaviour. Second, I provide an overview of recent developments concerning their social cognition. Third, I illustrate why an integration of these areas would be beneficial to optimise our interactions with them.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.54020 | DOI Listing |
JAMA Netw Open
January 2025
Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Importance: A high infection burden in early childhood is common and a risk factor for later disease development. However, longitudinal birth cohort studies investigating early-life infection burden and later risk of infection and antibiotic episodes are lacking.
Objective: To investigate whether early-life infection burden is associated with a later risk of infection and systemic antibiotic treatment episodes in childhood.
J Cancer Surviv
January 2025
Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam UMC Location Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1117, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Purpose: Patients with rare cancer often experience diagnostic delays and limited treatment options, potentially negatively impacting their working lives. We explored whether those with rare vs. common cancer have an increased risk of loss of contractual employment (1) up to 2 years pre-diagnosis, (2) up to 5 years post-diagnosis, and (3) which characteristics of rare cancer survivors are associated with loss of contractual employment 5 years post-diagnosis.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEpidemiology
December 2024
Department of Public Health, Policy and Systems, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.
Background: Children with cystic fibrosis (CF) from socioeconomically deprived areas have poorer growth, worse lung function, and shorter life expectancy than their less-deprived peers. While early growth is associated with lung function around age 6, it is unclear whether improving early growth in the most deprived children reduces inequalities in lung function.
Methods: We used data from the UK CF Registry, tracking children born 2000-2010 up to 2016.
J Community Genet
January 2025
Centralized Sequencing Program, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), Bethesda, MD, USA.
Inborn errors of immunity (IEI) are rare heritable disorders of the immune system predisposing to atypical infections, autoimmunity, inflammation, and risk of malignancy. Adaptation is the process of incorporating stressful experiences into one's life; these experiences may include onset of illness, receiving a diagnosis, or suffering without a diagnosis. Poor adaptation is linked to adverse outcomes including psychiatric comorbidities and decreased well-being.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNeuropsychopharmacol Hung
December 2024
Department of Pharmacodynamics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary.
Background: Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a complex psychiatric condition significantly impacted by environmental stress and inflammation. Previous research suggests that stress-induced alterations in the blood-brain barrier (BBB) may allow pro-inflammatory cytokines like interleukin-6 (IL-6) to enter the brain, contributing to depression. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) is another prominent cytokine implicated in depression, but its role in the context of BBB integrity and stress-mediated depression remains unclear.
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