Introduction: Behavioral economic purchase tasks are used to estimate the reinforcing value of drugs by asking participants how much they would purchase across a range of increasing prices. We sought to validate such a task for e-cigarettes in experienced users of advanced generation, tank-style devices.
Methods: Dual users of cigarettes and e-cigarettes (N = 54) and exclusive e-cigarette users (N = 59) attended one session during which they completed assessments including two versions of the E-cigarette Purchase Task: one that asked how many puffs of their e-cigarette they would purchase in 24 hours at varying prices and one that asked how many mLs of e-liquid they would purchase. We correlated purchase task outcomes with other measures of e-cigarette use. We also compared the tasks across dual and exclusive users.
Results: Indices derived from the mLs-based task were more likely to be correlated with self-reported use rates, e-cigarette dependence, and cotinine levels than the puffs-based task. Exclusive users showed greater demand on than dual users only on the mLs version when using an F-test comparison method, while multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) results showed that dual users showed greater demand only on the puffs task.
Conclusions: Results indicate that the mLs version had greater validity than the puffs version in terms of clinical indices. Dual users may still be on a trajectory to fully switching to e-cigarettes; thus, puffs as a measure may be more intuitive, as this measure is shared by cigarettes and e-cigarettes. For exclusive users, the unit they purchase their e-liquid in may be the most relevant unit and better capture their demand for that product.
Implications: Behavioral economic purchase tasks have been widely used to understand nicotine use. We have developed two versions of a purchase task for e-cigarette use and compared the two versions in users of advanced generation e-cigarette devices. We found that the mLs version of the task better-reflected use patterns relative to a puffs version, which suggests that participants struggle to place monetary value on a unit of consumption (ie, puffs). Validated measures of e-cigarette reinforcement will be important as researchers and regulators determine which features of these products contribute to reinforcing efficacy.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ntr/ntaa060 | DOI Listing |
J Exp Anal Behav
January 2025
Department of Special Education, Hunter College, City of New York, New York City, USA.
Behavioral economics offers a framework for understanding choice making around public health concerns such as drug use and distracted driving. Such a framework could be beneficial to understanding caregiver choices related to arranging an infant sleep environment. Nonadherence to infant sleep safety guidelines provided by the American Academy of Pediatrics increases the risk of sleep-related infant deaths.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAppetite
January 2025
Tilburg University, Department of Communication & Cognition, P.O. Box 90153, 5000 LE, Tilburg, the Netherlands. Electronic address:
As food choices are increasingly made in contexts such as online supermarkets, nudging has been extrapolated to the digital sphere. Digitalization poses unique opportunities to enhance the promotion of healthier food choices online: Digital nudges can be delivered "just-in-time" (JIT), in response to the initial selection of an unhealthy product. Furthermore, digital JIT nudges can be personalized to match user characteristics of behavioral relevance, such as one's food and cognitive processing preferences.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFProg Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry
January 2025
Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada. Electronic address:
Our understanding of the implications of gestational Cannabis exposure (GCE) remains unclear as Cannabis use increases worldwide. Much of the existing knowledge of the effects of GCE has been gained from preclinical experiments using injections of isolated Δ-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) at relatively high doses. Few investigations of the effects of GCE to smoke from the whole Cannabis flower have been conducted, despite this being the most common mode of human consumption.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCogn Emot
January 2025
Department of Psychology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China.
The effectiveness of loss-framed versus gain-framed messages in attracting attention and influencing purchase intention among younger and older adults remains unclear. We tracked the eye movements of 92 younger (18-39 years) and 83 older adults (60-82 years) while they viewed 32 advertisements and reported their purchase intentions for each advertised product. The results showed that loss-framed (vs.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMagn Reson Chem
January 2025
Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Graz, Graz, Austria.
Besides classic illegal drugs, numerous designer drugs, also called new psychoactive substances (NPSs), are available on the global drug market. One of the biggest and fastest-growing substance classes comprises the synthetic cannabinoids. According to the European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction (EMCDDA), 254 out of 950 monitored substances belong to this group of NPS, with 9 new cannabinoids registered for the first time in 2023.
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