Neonatal herpes simplex virus infection (HSV) is rare in neonates, with an estimated global incidence of 10 per 100,000 live births. Neonatal HSV is challenging to diagnose due to often vague signs and symptoms. Untreated, the mortality of some HSV subtypes exceeds 80%. Overtesting and overtreatment can result in prolonged hospitalizations and expose neonates to medication toxicity. In contrast, prompt evaluation and use of empiric antiviral therapy before the results of definitive testing can improve outcomes for infants with HSV. A wide degree of practice variation exists with respect to testing and treatment for neonatal HSV, and more research is required to safely risk-stratify this population. This review presents the epidemiology, risk factors, presenting features, and emergency department management of neonatal HSV infection.
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The immunogenetic basis of severe herpes simplex infections in neonates and children: a review.
Pediatr Res
January 2025
Department of Neonatology, Children's Mercy Kansas City, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, USA.
Human herpes simplex virus (HSV) is a double stranded DNA virus with two distinct types, HSV-1 and HSV-2. The global burden of HSV is high with an estimated 2/3 of the adult population seropositive for at least one of these types of HSV. HSV rarely causes life-threatening disease in immunocompetent children and adults.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFDownregulation of FcRn promotes ferroptosis in herpes simplex virus-1-induced lung injury.
Cell Mol Life Sci
January 2025
School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinxiang Medical University, #601 Jinsui Road, Xinxiang, 453003, Henan, China.
Article Synopsis
- HSV-1 infection can lead to lung injury, and a study found that lower levels of FcRn (a protein) are linked to more severe lung damage caused by the virus.
- The study revealed that HSV-1 increases the methylation of the FcRn gene, which reduces its expression by promoting DNMT3b, a protein that inhibits transcription through a specific region of the FcRn promoter.
- Inhibiting ferroptosis (a type of cell death) with a drug helped reduce lung injury in cases affected by HSV-1, indicating that targeting FcRn might be a promising therapeutic approach.
Proteomic profiling of neonatal herpes simplex virus infection on dried blood spots.
Commun Med (Lond)
December 2024
Department for Congenital Disorders, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Background: Neonatal herpes simplex virus (HSV) infection is life-threatening, with a mortality of up to 70-80% when disseminated, often due to vague symptoms and delayed treatment. Neonatal screening using dried blood spot (DBS) samples is among the most impactful preventative health measures ever implemented, but screening for HSV has not been investigated.
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Estimated global and regional economic burden of genital herpes simplex virus infection among 15-49 year-olds in 2016.
BMC Glob Public Health
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Department of Sexual and Reproductive Health and Research, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland.
Background: Globally, herpes simplex virus (HSV)-2 and -1 infections contribute to a large disease burden, but their full economic consequences remain unclear. This study aims to estimate the global economic impact of genital HSV-2 and HSV-1 infection and its consequences for people with genital ulcer disease, neonatal herpes, and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection attributable to HSV-2.
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The burdened medical history of the mothers-in-partum - risks for the newborn.
Wiad Lek
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UZHHOROD NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, UZHHOROD, UKRAINE.
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