Severity: Warning
Message: file_get_contents(https://...@gmail.com&api_key=61f08fa0b96a73de8c900d749fcb997acc09): Failed to open stream: HTTP request failed! HTTP/1.1 429 Too Many Requests
Filename: helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line Number: 143
Backtrace:
File: /var/www/html/application/helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line: 143
Function: file_get_contents
File: /var/www/html/application/helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line: 209
Function: simplexml_load_file_from_url
File: /var/www/html/application/helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line: 994
Function: getPubMedXML
File: /var/www/html/application/helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line: 3134
Function: GetPubMedArticleOutput_2016
File: /var/www/html/application/controllers/Detail.php
Line: 574
Function: pubMedSearch_Global
File: /var/www/html/application/controllers/Detail.php
Line: 488
Function: pubMedGetRelatedKeyword
File: /var/www/html/index.php
Line: 316
Function: require_once
Three intracellular acid-degradable hydroxyethyl starch-doxorubicin (HES[double bond, length as m-dash]DOX) prodrugs with different drug binding rates (DBRs) were synthesized through the conjugation of oxidized HES and DOX with a pH-responsive Schiff base bond. The DBRs of HES[double bond, length as m-dash]DOX conjugates were determined to be 1.7, 3.3, and 5.9%, which could be facilely adjusted by the feeding molar amount of DOX. All HES[double bond, length as m-dash]DOX conjugates could spontaneously self-assemble into spherical micellar nanoparticles in phosphate-buffered saline. The hydrodynamic diameter decreased from 73.4 ± 5.3, 63.9 ± 5.5, to 51.9 ± 8.5 nm with the increase of the DBR from 1.7, 3.3, to 5.9%. The DOX release from HES[double bond, length as m-dash]DOX could be accelerated by the decrease of pH and the DBR, attributed to the acid-sensitive Schiff base bond and the loose core, respectively. Furthermore, the HES[double bond, length as m-dash]DOX micelle selectively released DOX in the endosome and/or lysosome after cellular uptake, and exhibited excellent proliferation inhibition toward murine melanoma B16F10 cells in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, the antitumor efficacy was upregulated by the increase of the DBR, benefiting from the selective acidity-triggered DOX release in tumor cells. These results indicated that HES[double bond, length as m-dash]DOX exhibited great potential in the precise chemotherapy of malignancy.
Download full-text PDF |
Source |
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6tb00991c | DOI Listing |
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