Recognising the nature of the predation risk, and responding to it accurately, is crucial to fitness. Yet, even the most accurate adaptive responses to predation risk usually entail costs, both immediate and lifelong. Rooting in life-history theory, we hypothesize that an animal can perceive the nuances of prey size and age selectivity by the predator and modulate its life history accordingly. We test the prediction that-contrary to the faster or earlier senescence under predation risk that increases with prey size and age-under predation risk that decreases with prey size and age either no senescence acceleration or even its deceleration is to be observed. We use two species of indeterminate growers, small crustaceans of the genus , and , as the model prey, and their respective gape-limited invertebrate predators, a dipteran, midge larva , and a notostracan, tadpole shrimp . We analyse age-specific survival, mortality and fertility rates, and find no senescence acceleration, as predicted. With this study, we complete the picture of the expected non-consumptive phenotypic effects of perceived predation pressure of different age-dependence patterns.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.191382 | DOI Listing |
Environ Pollut
December 2024
Aquatic Ecology and Water Quality Management Group, Wageningen University, Wageningen, the Netherlands.
Increased pharmaceutical usage has led to their widespread presence in aquatic environments, resulting in concerns regarding their potential environmental impacts. Antidepressants, particularly selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) like citalopram, are frequently detected in European surface waters. Acute laboratory studies have demonstrated that citalopram can inhibit algal growth, immobilise Daphnia magna, and may result in foot detachment (i.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAdv Healthc Mater
December 2024
Dept of Biomedical Sciences. Institute of Clinical Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.
Intra-articular glucocorticoid injections are effective in controlling inflammation and pain in arthritides but restricted by short duration of action and risk of joint degeneration. Controlled drug release using biocompatible hydrogels offers a unique solution, but limitations of in situ gelation restrict their application. Gellan sheared hydrogels (GSHs) retain the advantages of hydrogels, however their unique microstructures lend themselves to intra-articular application - capable of shear thinning under force but restructuring at rest to enhance residence.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAm J Transplant
December 2024
Division for Paediatric Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Paediatric Kidney, Liver, and Metabolic Diseases, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany.
This retrospective study aimed to investigate the response to hepatitis A virus (HAV) immunisation following liver transplantation. We analysed, 234 vaccination records of 284 children who underwent liver transplantation between January 2003 and July 2021, including annual serological results. Of the 120 HAV-naïve patients, approximately 71% and 83% showed seroconversion after receiving one and two vaccine doses, respectively.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSci Total Environ
December 2024
North Slope Borough, Department of Wildlife Management, Utqiaġvik, AK 99723, USA; Institute of Arctic Biology, University of Alaska, Fairbanks, AK 99708, USA.
Ringed (Pusa hispida), bearded (Erignathus barbatus), spotted (Phoca largha), and ribbon (Histriophoca fasciata) seals are ice-associated seals that are important subsistence resources for coastal Alaska Native people. These seals are also mid- to upper trophic level Arctic predators and primary prey of polar bears (Ursus maritimus). We analyzed concentrations of 19 trace elements in seal liver, kidney, muscle, and blubber, including arsenic, cadmium, lead, mercury, and vanadium due to their potential toxicity.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBMC Musculoskelet Disord
December 2024
Department of Spine Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
Purpose: To investigate the association between intravenous methylprednisolone administration and the risk of surgical site infection (SSI) following posterior lumbar fusion (PLF) surgery.
Methods: This retrospective, single-center study analyzed data from 800 adult patients who underwent elective PLF surgery at our institution. Patients were classified according to postoperative intravenous methylprednisolone administration.
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