Ornamental plants in the genus are extensively planted in landscapes and home gardens around the world. A major limitation to a more widespread use of these plants is their susceptibility to powdery mildew (PM). In this study, we used multilocus sequence typing (MLST) analysis to gain insights into the population diversity of 32 PM pathogen ( and sp.) isolates collected from the eastern United States and relate it to the ability to overcome host resistance. Low genetic diversity and a lack of structure were found within our population. Whole genome comparison of two isolates was used to support low genetic diversity evidence found with the MLST analysis. Recombination was suggested by the incongruences observed in the six phylogenetic trees generated from the housekeeping genes TEF-1α, CSI, ITS, IGS, H3, and TUB. Contrasting with low genetic diversity, we found high phenotypic diversity when using 10 of the 32 isolates to evaluate host resistance in four different species ( 'Dunbar Creek', OPGC 3598, OPGC 3594, and OPGC 4185) using in vitro bioassays. We observed quantitative and qualitative resistance in all species and a consistent low disease severity in our control, 'Dunbar Creek'. Taken together, the results generated in this study constitute a robust screening of popular germplasm that can be incorporated into breeding programs for PM resistance and provides significant information on the evolution of PM pathogens.
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