Effect of liraglutide on food consumption, appetite sensations and eating behaviours in overweight people with type 1 diabetes.

Aims: To investigate the effects of 24 weeks of treatment with liraglutide added to basal/bolus insulin on energy intake, appetite sensations and eating behaviours in overweight/obese participants with type 1 diabetes (T1D).

Methods: In a double-blinded crossover fashion, 15 participants were randomly assigned (1:1) to receive placebo or liraglutide for 24 weeks including a 1-month titration period from 0.6 to 1.2 to 1.8 mg, in addition to their insulin. The treatment was followed by a 1-month wash-out period. Participants were then assigned to the other treatment for another 24 weeks. Food intake was measured, visual analogue scales and Three-Factor Eating Questionnaires were completed. Paired rank tests were used to compare the variables.

Results: When treated with liraglutide, participants modified their ad libitum food consumption with decreased total intake and % fat and increased carbohydrates. Their appetite sensations were modified: fasting desire to eat, hunger and prospective food consumption were significantly reduced. The sensation of fullness was prolonged for a few hours after a standardized breakfast. Restraint and disinhibition were significantly reduced by liraglutide.

Conclusions: In this randomized clinical trial, the addition of liraglutide to basal/bolus insulin therapy for 24 weeks in overweight/obese individuals with T1D significantly improved their food consumption, appetite sensations and eating behaviours.