Adsorption of Sudan-IV contained in oily wastewater on lipophilic activated carbons: kinetic and isotherm modelling.

Up to nine kinetic and fourteen isotherm adsorption models are employed to model the adsorption of Sudan IV, a lipophilic model pollutant present in a biphasic mixture of cyclohexane-water system to simulate oily wastewater. Six different modified activated carbons were used as adsorbents. The highest amount adsorbed of Sudan IV was found in the material prepared by successive treatments of the parent commercial activated carbon Norit ROX 0.8 with nitric acid and urea, followed by thermal treatment at 800 °C under continuous flow of nitrogen. Kinetic and isotherm adsorption models can be employed to simulate the process, since the effect of the presence of water in the adsorption of Sudan IV from the cyclohexane phase was found to be negligible, owing to the high lipophilic character of both adsorbent and adsorbate. All kinetic and isotherm coefficients, coupling with statistical parameters (r, adjusted r and sum of squared errors), are determined by non-linear regression fitting and compared to literature data. The model of Avrami is found to be the most appropriate model to represent the adsorption of the pollutant in any of the six modified carbons tested, the highest value of the kinetic constant being 0.055 min. The isotherm adsorption is well-modelled by using the general isotherm equation of Tóth and the multilayer Jovanović expression for the adsorption of Sudan-IV on that material, resulting in a high monolayer uptake capacity (q = 193.6 mg g).