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Regional cerebral perfusion and sympathetic activation during exercise in hypoxia and hypercapnia: preliminary insight into 'Cushing's mechanism'.
J Physiol
November 2024
Department of Anesthesiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.
We examined the interactive influence of hypoxia and exercise, and hypercapnia and exercise, on regional cerebral perfusion and sympathetic activation. Twenty healthy young adults (seven women) completed study trials including (1) rest in normoxia ( : ∼96%, : ∼36 mmHg), normocapnic hypoxia ( : ∼84%, : ∼36 mmHg), and normoxic hypercapnia ( : ∼98%, : ∼46 mmHg) and (2) unilateral rhythmic handgrip exercise (45% of maximal voluntary contraction at 1 Hz for 3 min) under the same gas conditions. Based on the exercising arm, blood flow in the contralateral internal carotid (ICA) and ipsilateral vertebral (VA) arteries, anterior and posterior cerebral O delivery ( ), and muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA) were measured in each trial.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFA test of the interaction between central and peripheral respiratory chemoreflexes in humans.
J Physiol
October 2023
School of Kinesiology, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada.
How central and peripheral chemoreceptor drives to breathe interact in humans remains contentious. We measured the peripheral chemoreflex sensitivity to hypoxia (PChS) at various isocapnic CO tensions ( ) to determine the form of the relationship between PChS and central . Twenty participants (10F) completed three repetitions of modified rebreathing tests with end-tidal ( ) clamped at 150, 70, 60 and 45 mmHg.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFOn the haemodynamic consequence of the chemoreflex and muscle mechanoreflex interaction in women and men: two tales, one story.
J Physiol
August 2022
Department of Anesthesiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.
The cardiovascular response resulting from the individual activation of the muscle mechanoreflex (MMR) or the chemoreflex (CR) is different between men and women. Whether the haemodynamic consequence resulting from the interaction of these sympathoexcitatory reflexes is also sex-dependent remains unknown. MMR and CR were activated by passive leg movement (LM) and exposure to hypoxia (O -CR) or hypercapnia (CO -CR), respectively.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFOne and one is not always two: hypo- and hyper-additive effects of the chemoreflex during exercise.
J Physiol
June 2020
School of Kinesiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
The exercise pressor reflex and chemoreflex interaction: cardiovascular implications for the exercising human.
J Physiol
June 2020
Department of Anesthesiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.
Key Points: Although the exercise pressor reflex (EPR) and the chemoreflex (CR) are recognized for their sympathoexcitatory effect, the cardiovascular implication of their interaction remains elusive. We quantified the individual and interactive cardiovascular consequences of these reflexes during exercise and revealed various modes of interaction. The EPR and hypoxia-induced CR interaction is hyper-additive for blood pressure and heart rate (responses during co-activation of the two reflexes are greater than the summation of the responses evoked by each reflex) and hypo-additive for peripheral haemodynamics (responses during co-activation of the reflexes are smaller than the summated responses).
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