Optical spectroscopy techniques are crucial for the evaluation and use of quantum dots (QDs) in life and materials science. In that context, the fluorescence quantum yield (Φ) is an essential parameter in the assessment of the luminescent features of QDs. The fluorescence quantum yield can be defined as the ratio of the number of emitted photons to the number of absorbed photons by a luminescent material. In this chapter, we describe absolute and relative methods to measure the fluorescence quantum yield of QDs in solution phase. The advantages and limitations of the techniques are reviewed.
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