AI Article Synopsis

  • Recent research shows that immune cell activation leads to major changes in metabolism, impacting areas such as gene transcription and protein modifications.
  • The focus of this study is on how inflammatory signals (like LPS and IFNγ) versus alternative signals (like IL-4) affect metabolic reprogramming, particularly in dendritic cells and macrophages.
  • While there has been significant progress in understanding mononuclear phagocyte metabolism, challenges remain, including the influence of tissue environment on metabolism and how findings in mice correlate to human biology.

Article Abstract

We have only recently started to appreciate the extent to which immune cell activation involves significant changes in cellular metabolism. We are now beginning to understand how commitment to specific metabolic pathways influences aspects of cellular biology that are the more usual focus of immunological studies, such as activation-induced changes in gene transcription, post-transcriptional regulation of transcription, post-translational modifications of proteins, cytokine secretion, etc. Here, we focus on metabolic reprogramming in mononuclear phagocytes downstream of stimulation with inflammatory signals (such as LPS and IFNγ) vs alternative activation signals (IL-4), with an emphasis on work on dendritic cells and macrophages from our laboratory, and related studies from others. We cover aspects of glycolysis and its branching pathways (glycogen synthesis, pentose phosphate, serine synthesis, hexose synthesis, and glycerol 3 phosphate shuttle), the tricarboxylic acid pathway, fatty acid synthesis and oxidation, and mitochondrial biology. Although our understanding of the metabolism of mononuclear phagocytes has progressed significantly over the last 10 years, major challenges remain, including understanding the effects of tissue residence on metabolic programming related to cellular activation, and the translatability of findings from mouse to human biology.

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Source
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10911050PMC
http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/imr.12848DOI Listing

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