Room-temperature skyrmion phase in bulk CuOSeO under high pressures.

A skyrmion state in a noncentrosymmetric helimagnet displays topologically protected spin textures with profound technological implications for high-density information storage, ultrafast spintronics, and effective microwave devices. Usually, its equilibrium state in a bulk helimagnet occurs only over a very restricted magnetic field-temperature phase space and often in the low-temperature region near the magnetic transition temperature T We have expanded and enhanced the skyrmion phase region from the small range of 55 to 58.5 K to 5 to 300 K in single-crystalline CuOSeO by pressures up to 42.1 GPa through a series of phase transitions from the cubic 23, through orthorhombic 222 and monoclinic 2, and finally to the triclinic 1 phase, using our newly developed ultrasensitive high-pressure magnetization technique. The results are in agreement with our Ginzburg-Landau free energy analyses, showing that pressures tend to stabilize the skyrmion states and at higher temperatures. The observations also indicate that the skyrmion state can be achieved at higher temperatures in various crystal symmetries, suggesting the insensitivity of skyrmions to the underlying crystal lattices and thus the possible more ubiquitous presence of skyrmions in helimagnets.