In this paper, the inline turbidity sensor technology was used to quantify the turbidity of the solution during the dissolution of Chinese medicine granules. The probe measurement position and the magnetic stirring speed were optimized. As a result, the stirring speed was 400 r·min~(-1), and the probe position was at 1/4 of the diameter of the beaker. The measurement results were accurate and reliable. Totally 105 batches of commercially available Chinese medicine granules were collected and dissolved according to the requirements of the Chinese Pharmacopoeia. At the time point of 5 min, 57 batches of granules were completely dissolved, and the corresponding turbidity values ranged between 0-70 FTU; 32 batches of granules showed a slight turbidity, and the corresponding turbidity values ranged between 70-350 FTU; 14 batches of granule solution were turbid, and the corresponding turbidity values ranged between 350-2 000 FTU; two batches of granule solution were heavily turbid, and the corresponding turbidity values were >2 000 FTU. Among the above results, the number of batches in line with the pharmacopoeia dissolution requirement was 84.76%, and the dissolution of some granules still needed to be improved. The turbidity sensor recorded the change curve of turbidity value over time(solubility behavior curve). The degree of important of disintegration and dissolution during the dissolution process showed disintegration > dissolution, disintegration≈dissolution, disintegration < dissolution. The dissolution behavior of the granules can be classified into three categories. The analysis of the mechanism in the process of granule solubility provides a basis for product process improvement.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.19540/j.cnki.cjcmm.20191219.304 | DOI Listing |
Biochemistry
January 2025
Palladin Institute of Biochemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 9, Leontovycha 9, Kyiv 01054, Ukraine.
The self-assembly of fibrin is a vital process in blood clotting, primarily facilitated by the interactions between knobs "A" and "B" in the central E region of one molecule and the corresponding holes "a" and "b" in the peripheral D regions of two other fibrin molecules. However, the precise function of the interactions between knob "B" and hole "b" during fibrin polymerization remains a subject of ongoing debate. The present study focuses on investigating intermolecular interactions between knob "B" and hole "b".
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Endod
January 2025
School of Medicine and Dentistry, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia. Electronic address:
Introduction: This in vitro study assessed how shade changes induced by endodontic medicaments affect the transmission of single and multiples wavelengths of infrared light through enamel and dentin.
Methods: Eighteen extracted single-rooted permanent teeth were prepared, removing all extrinsic staining, and cementum. Tooth slices were treated for 4 weeks with UltraCal™ XS, Ledermix™, or were untreated controls.
Chemosphere
February 2025
Key Laboratory of Health Intelligent Perception and Ecological Restoration of River and Lake, Ministry of Education, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, 430068, China; Innovation Demonstration Base of Ecological Environment Geotechnical and Ecological Restoration of Rivers and Lakes, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, 430068, China. Electronic address:
Cyanobacterial blooms are prevalent globally and present a significant threat to water security. Titanium salt coagulants have garnered considerable attention due to their superior coagulation properties and the absence of metal residue risks. This paper explored the influencing factors in the coagulation process of titanium xerogel coagulant (TXC), the alterations in cell activity during floc storage, and the release of cyanobacterial organic matters, thereby determining the application scope of TXC for cyanobacterial water treatment.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFTime-of-flight (TOF) based underwater imaging is of great importance in practical applications due to its high image quality. Existing works separate scattered and ballistic photons in the time and space domains to recover objects in weakly scattered underwater scenes. However, in turbid underwater environments, absorption and strong anisotropic scattering cause weak ballistic light tightly coupled with forward-scattered and backward-scattered photons.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMar Environ Res
January 2025
Centre for Policy Research, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia.
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