We introduce proof systems for propositional logic that admit short proofs of hard formulas as well as the succinct expression of most techniques used by modern SAT solvers. Our proof systems allow the derivation of clauses that are not necessarily implied, but which are redundant in the sense that their addition preserves satisfiability. To guarantee that these added clauses are redundant, we consider various efficiently decidable redundancy criteria which we obtain by first characterizing clause redundancy in terms of a semantic implication relationship and then restricting this relationship so that it becomes decidable in polynomial time. As the restricted implication relation is based on unit propagation-a core technique of SAT solvers-it allows efficient proof checking too. The resulting proof systems are surprisingly strong, even without the introduction of new variables-a key feature of short proofs presented in the proof-complexity literature. We demonstrate the strength of our proof systems on the famous pigeon hole formulas by providing short clausal proofs without new variables.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10817-019-09516-0 | DOI Listing |
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A
January 2025
Department of Neurology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520.
Pain impacts billions of people worldwide, but treatment options are limited and have a spectrum of adverse effects. The search for safe and nonaddictive pain treatments has led to a focus on key mediators of nociceptor excitability. Voltage-gated sodium (Nav) channels in the peripheral nervous system-Nav1.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFront Physiol
January 2025
Environmental Physiology Group, Department of Health Sciences, Mid Sweden University, Östersund, Sweden.
Background And Aim: Hyperventilation before breath-hold diving (freediving) is widely accepted as a risk factor for hypoxic syncope or blackout (BO), but there is no practical way to address it before dives. This study explores the feasibility of using a force sensor to predict end-tidal carbon dioxide ( CO) to assess hyperventilation in freedivers.
Methods And Results: Twenty-one freedivers volunteered to participate during two national competitions.
Sci Rep
January 2025
Institute of Genetics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
The parthenogenetic life cycle of the stick insect Medauroidea extradentata offers unique advantages for the generation of genome-edited strains, as an isogenic and stable mutant line can in principle be achieved already in the first generation (G0). However, genetic tools for the manipulation of their genes had not been developed until now. Here, we successfully implement CRISPR/Cas9 as a technique to modify the genome of the stick insect M.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Am Chem Soc
January 2025
School of physical science and technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China.
Implanting heteroatoms into organic π-conjugated molecules (OCMS) offered a great opportunity to fine-tune the chemical structures and optoelectronic properties. This work describes a new family of 1,4-azaphosphinines with extended σ-π hyperconjugations. The photophysical studies revealed that azaphosphinines exhibited narrow-band thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) ( full width at half-maximum: 26-40 nm).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Immunol Methods
January 2025
Institute of Biomedical Systems and Biotechnology, Peter the Great Saint Petersburg Polytechnic University, 29 Ulitsa Polytechnicheskaya, St. Petersburg 194064, Russia; Smorodintsev Research Institute of Influenza, Russian Ministry of Health, 15/17 Ulitsa Prof. Popova, St. Petersburg 197376, Russia; Institute of Experimental Medicine, 12 Ulitsa Akademika Pavlova, St. Petersburg 197376, Russia.
Background: Rapid vaccine platforms development is crucial for responding to epidemics and pandemics of emerging infectious diseases, such as Ebola. This study explores the potential of peptide vaccines that self-organize into amyloid-like fibrils, aiming to enhance immunogenicity while considering safety and cross-reactivity.
Methods: We synthesized two peptides, G33 and G31, corresponding to a segment of the Ebola virus GP2 protein, with G33 known to form amyloid-like fibrils.
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