Significant enhancement of photo-Fenton degradation of ofloxacin over Fe-Dis@Sep due to highly dispersed FeC with electron deficiency.

An efficient strategy for enhancing iron efficiency in heterogeneous Fenton reaction via the pyrolysis of ferrocene chemically modified sepiolite (Sep) was proposed in this study. Highly dispersed FeC on sepiolite (Fe-Dis@Sep) was synthesized as an efficient photo-Fenton catalyst for the visible light degradation of ofloxacin (OFX). It exhibits an excellent Fenton activity and stability towards OFX degradation. The pseudo-first order reaction rate constant of Fe-Dis@Sep was 5.1-fold higher than that of the supported catalyst with aggregated iron oxides prepared by traditional impregnation method (Fe-Agg@Sep). Based on TEM images and density functional theory (DFT) calculation, the enhanced Fenton activity of Fe-Dis@Sep was attributed to the unique incorporation of FeC on Sep via Si-O-C-Fe bond which not only favor the high dispersion of FeC with an electron deficiency but also promote Fe(III) to Fe(II) cycle via the formation of surface Fe-HO complex. OH and O were identified as active species for OFX degradation in Fe-Dis@Sep-HO-Vis system. 98.7% of F and 97.0% of N in OFX was converted into F and NO with a TOC removal efficiency of 89.35%. The possible degradation pathway of OFX was also proposed according to HPLC-MS results. Finally, the Fenton reaction mechanism over Fe-Dis@Sep was discussed.