Study Objectives: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) has been associated with increased cancer incidence and mortality. The aim of this study was to investigate cancer-related mortality, overall survival and progression free survival in patients with suspected OSA and lung cancer.
Methods: This was a case series analysis of lung cancer from a sleep cohort with suspected OSA between 2009 and 2014. The apnea- hypopnea index (AHI), Tsat90% (hypoxia index) and survival outcome were recorded. Immunohistochemistry was used to analyze HIF-1α and VEGF expression in tumor pathology.
Results: In the sleep cohort comprising 8261 patients, a total of 23 patients had lung cancer. The incidence of lung cancer was significantly higher in the sleep cohort than in the entire adult population in Taiwan (242.1 vs 51.5 per 10⁵ persons, P< 0.01). The 3-year cancer-related mortality was 25% in AHI < 15, 50% in AHI 15 to 29 and 80% in AHI ≥ 30 (chi-squared test for trend P =0.03). In Kaplan-Meier survival analysis, patients with stage III-IV lung cancer and AHI< 30 exhibited significantly better overall survival (P = 0.02) and progression free survival (P = 0.02) than patients with severe OSA. Overexpression of HIF-1α and VEGF was shown in 63 % and 45 % of lung tumor samples. Overexpression of HIF-1α was positively associated with AHI (P = 0.04).
Conclusions: In this preliminary case series, severe OSA is associated with an increased risk of cancer mortality in patients with stage III-IV lung cancer. AHI was significantly associated with HIF-1α overexpression.
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