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Dose-related effects of calcium to enhance the effects of L-tryptophan on gut hormones and energy intake in obesity.
J Clin Endocrinol Metab
January 2025
Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia.
Context: In males of normal weight, intraduodenal administration of calcium enhances the effects of the amino acid, L-tryptophan (Trp), to suppress energy intake, associated with greater stimulation of cholecystokinin (CCK), glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and peptide tyrosine-tyrosine (PYY) secretion (key mechanisms underlying the regulation of pyloric motility and gastric emptying), but not gastrin or glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP).
Objective: Given the implications for the management of obesity, the current study evaluated the effects of calcium, when administered alone and in combination with Trp, on gut hormone secretion, antropyloroduodenal motility and energy intake in males with obesity.
Methods: Fifteen males with obesity and without type 2 diabetes (mean±SD; age: 27±8 years; body mass index: 30±2 kg/m2; HbA1c: 5.
Dose-related effects of intraduodenal quinine on plasma glucose, glucoregulatory hormones and gastric emptying of a nutrient drink, and energy intake, in men with type 2 diabetes: a double-blind, randomised, crossover study.
Diabetologia
December 2024
Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia.
Aims/hypothesis: Quinine, when administered intraduodenally to activate bitter-taste receptors, in a dose of 600 mg, stimulates glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and insulin, slows gastric emptying and lowers postprandial glucose in healthy people, with consequent implications for the management of type 2 diabetes; the effect of quinine on energy intake is uncertain. We have investigated the dose-related effects of quinine on postprandial blood glucose levels and energy intake in people with type 2 diabetes.
Methods: Male participants with type 2 diabetes (age: 68±5 years; HbA: 49.
Intraduodenal fecal microbiota transplantation ameliorates gut atrophy and cholestasis in a novel parenteral nutrition piglet model.
Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol
November 2024
Department of Pediatrics, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri, United States.
Article Synopsis
- Total parenteral nutrition (TPN) is a lifesaving IV feeding method but can cause serious side effects like gut microbial changes and liver injury.
- A study involving 31 piglets tested the effects of transferring fecal microbiota from healthy pigs to those on TPN, with various groups including a control, TPN alone, TPN with antibiotics, and TPN with fecal transplant.
- The results showed that fecal microbiota transplant (FMT) helped prevent gut atrophy, liver injury, and harmful microbial changes seen in TPN, suggesting that gut microbes could be critical for developing new treatments.
Diacylglycerol O-acyltransferase 1 inhibitor increases plasma alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase activities via a shedding of the intestinal villi and an increase in intestinal permeability in rats.
Toxicol Lett
October 2024
Laboratory of Molecular Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Shizuoka, 52-1 Yada, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka-city, Shizuoka 422-8526, Japan.
Diacylglycerol O-acyltransferase 1 (DGAT1) is a key enzyme for fat absorption step in the enterocytes. We previously reported that DGAT1 inhibition increased plasma alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) activities in corn oil-loaded rats via protein kinase C (PKC) activation. In the present study, we investigated the mechanism with respect to the morphology and permeability of the small intestine, focusing on PKC function, and found that shortening of the intestinal villi and a decrease in the number of tdT-mediated dUTP-biotin nick-end labeling-positive cells in the tips of the villi were observed in the jejunum of DGAT1 inhibitor-treated rats loaded with corn oil.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNO-cGMP-K Channels Pathways Participate in the Antihypertensive Effects of Martius ex Spreng Oil-Loaded Nanocapsules.
Pharmaceutics
June 2024
Laboratory of Cardiovascular Pharmacology (LaFaC), Faculty of Health Sciences, Federal University of Grande Dourados (UFGD), Dourados 79804-970, MS, Brazil.
Martius ex Spreng is a palm tree that is widely distributed in the Central-West region of Brazil. In this study, we investigated whether the oil-loaded nanocapsules of (APON) have acute and long-lasting antihypertensive effects in male spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR), as well as explored the underlying molecular mechanisms. APON was prepared using the interfacial polymer deposition method.
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