Evolution of the distribution of Streptococcus pneumoniae serotypes isolated in pleural fluid in the Madrid Autonomous Community between the years 2007-2018.

Introduction: The aim of this study was to describe the distribution of Streptococcus pneumoniae serotypes in isolates from pleural fluid in the Madrid Autonomous Community between the years 2007-2018.

Methods: Invasive pneumococcal disease strains isolated during the period 2007-2018 were studied. The frequency of serotypes from pleural fluid was compared with that observed in other samples.

Results: A total of 6,115 pneumococcal invasive isolates were processed. Of them, 182 (3%) were isolated from pleural fluid. A total of 70.9% of isolates belonged to some of the following 6serotypes: 1, 3, 19A, 8, 7F and 5. The serotypes 3 and 8 increased significantly from 9.6% to 30.8%, and from 5.3% to 20.5%, respectively, over the periods 2007-2010 to 2015-2018.

Conclusions: Pneumococcal serotypes 3 and 8 are currently significant causes of infection of pleural fluid in our region.