Understanding the spatial variability of initial Al/Al in the solar system, i.e., (Al/Al), is of prime importance to meteorite chronology, planetary heat production, and protoplanetary disc mixing dynamics. The (Al/Al) of calcium-aluminum-rich inclusions (CAIs) in primitive meteorites (~5 × 10) is frequently assumed to reflect the (Al/Al) of the entire protoplanetary disc, and predicts its initial Mg/Mg to be ~35 parts per million (ppm) less radiogenic than modern Earth (i.e., Δ'Mg = -35 ppm). Others argue for spatially heterogeneous (Al/Al), where the source reservoirs of most primitive meteorite components have lower (Al/Al) at ~2.7 × 10 and Δ'Mg of -16 ppm. We measured the magnesium isotope compositions of primitive meteoritic olivine, which originated outside of the CAI-forming reservoir(s), and report five grains whose Δ'Mg are within uncertainty of -35 ppm. Our data thus affirm a model of a largely homogeneous protoplanetary disc with (Al/Al) of ~5 × 10, supporting the accuracy of the Al→Mg chronometer.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aay9626 | DOI Listing |
Eur Phys J Plus
January 2023
Institute of Astronomy, University of Cambridge, Madingley Rd, Cambridge, CB3 0HA UK.
In multiple stellar systems, interactions among the companion stars and their discs affect planet formation. In the circumstellar case, tidal truncation makes protoplanetary discs smaller, fainter and less long-lived than those evolving in isolation, thereby reducing the amount of material (gas and dust) available to assemble planetary embryos. On the contrary, in the circumbinary case the reduced accretion can increase the disc lifetime, with beneficial effects on planet formation.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSci Rep
September 2022
PLEX Corporation, 275 Martine St, Suite 100, Fall River, MA, 02723, USA.
A 1494 Dalton hemoglycin space polymer of Glycine Hydroxy-glycine FeO termed the "core unit" is part of a polymer of Glycine, Si, Fe and O that forms tubes, vesicles and a lattice structure. It has been isolated from four different CV3 meteorites and characterized by mass spectrometry, FIB/SIMS and X-ray analysis. In quantum calculations (HF and DF wB97X-D 6-31G) the polymer has an absorption at 480 nm that is dependent on rectus "R" (= dextro D) chirality in a hydroxy glycine residue whose C-terminus is bonded to an iron atom.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNat Astron
July 2022
School of Earth, Atmosphere and Environment, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3800, Australia.
Chondritic meteorites are thought to be representative of the material that formed the Earth. However, the Earth is depleted in volatile elements in a manner unlike that in any chondrite, and yet these elements retain chondritic isotope ratios. Here we use N-body simulations to show that the Earth did not form from chondrites, but rather by stochastic accretion of many precursor bodies whose variable compositions reflect the temperatures at which they formed.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMon Not R Astron Soc
May 2022
Department of Physics, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, P.O.Box 1410, Mbarara, Uganda.
Depending on the stellar densities, protoplanetary discs in stellar clusters undergo: background heating; disc truncation-driven by stellar encounter; and photoevaporation. Disc truncation leads to reduced characteristic sizes and disc masses that eventually halt gas giant planet formation. We investigate how disc truncation impacts planet formation via pebble-based core accretion paradigm, where pebble sizes were derived from the full grain-size distribution within the disc lifetimes.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFR Soc Open Sci
November 2020
Royal Society Dorothy Hodgkin Fellow, Department of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Sheffield, Hicks Building, Hounsfield Road, Sheffield S3 7RH, UK.
Star and planet formation are inextricably linked. In the earliest phases of the collapse of a protostar, a disc forms around the young star and such discs are observed for the first several million years of a star's life. It is within these circumstellar, or protoplanetary, discs that the first stages of planet formation occur.
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