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Lateral olivocochlear neurons modulate cochlear responses to noise exposure.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A
January 2025
Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115.
The sense of hearing originates in the cochlea, which detects sounds across dynamic sensory environments. Like other peripheral organs, the cochlea is subjected to environmental insults, including loud, damage-inducing sounds. In response to internal and external stimuli, the central nervous system directly modulates cochlear function through olivocochlear neurons (OCNs), which are located in the brainstem and innervate the cochlear sensory epithelium.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMacromolecular interactions and geometrical confinement determine the 3D diffusion of ribosome-sized particles in live cells.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A
January 2025
Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305.
The crowded bacterial cytoplasm is composed of biomolecules that span several orders of magnitude in size and electrical charge. This complexity has been proposed as the source of the rich spatial organization and apparent anomalous diffusion of intracellular components, although this has not been tested directly. Here, we use biplane microscopy to track the 3D motion of self-assembled bacterial genetically encoded multimeric nanoparticles (bGEMs) with tunable size (20 to 50 nm) and charge (-3,240 to +2,700 e) in live cells.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFDistributed lag models for retrospective cohort data with application to a study of built environment and body weight.
Biometrics
January 2025
Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Seattle, WA 98101, United States.
Distributed lag models (DLMs) estimate the health effects of exposure over multiple time lags prior to the outcome and are widely used in time series studies. Applying DLMs to retrospective cohort studies is challenging due to inconsistent lengths of exposure history across participants, which is common when using electronic health record databases. A standard approach is to define subcohorts of individuals with some minimum exposure history, but this limits power and may amplify selection bias.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSex-specific activation of platelet purinergic signaling is key in local cytokine release and phagocytosis in the peritoneal cavity in intra-abdominal sepsis.
Am J Physiol Cell Physiol
January 2025
Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, College of Health and Human Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, USA.
Intra-abdominal sepsis is a life-threatening complex syndrome caused by microbes in the gut microbiota invading the peritoneal cavity. It is one of the major complications of intra-abdominal surgery. To date, only supportive therapies are available.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEvaluating Meta-Learners to Analyze Treatment Heterogeneity in Survival Data: Application to Electronic Health Records of Pediatric Asthma Care in COVID-19 Pandemic.
Stat Med
February 2025
Department of Biostatistics and Health Data Science, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
An important aspect of precision medicine focuses on characterizing diverse responses to treatment due to unique patient characteristics, also known as heterogeneous treatment effects (HTE) or individualized treatment effects (ITE), and identifying beneficial subgroups with enhanced treatment effects. Estimating HTE with right-censored data in observational studies remains challenging. In this paper, we propose a pseudo-ITE-based framework for analyzing HTE in survival data, which includes a group of meta-learners for estimating HTE, a variable importance metric for identifying predictive variables to HTE, and a data-adaptive procedure to select subgroups with enhanced treatment effects.
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