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Parallel gene expansions drive rapid dietary adaptation in herbivorous woodrats.
Science
January 2025
School of Biological Sciences, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.
How mammalian herbivores evolve to feed on chemically defended plants remains poorly understood. In this study, we investigated the adaptation of two species of woodrats ( and ) to creosote bush (), a toxic shrub that expanded across the southwestern United States after the Last Glacial Maximum. We found that creosote-adapted woodrats have elevated gene dosage across multiple biotransformation enzyme families.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAdaptation in the Alleyways: Candidate genes under potential selection in urban coyotes.
Genome Biol Evol
December 2024
Living Earth Collaborative, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA.
In the context of evolutionary time, cities are an extremely recent development. Although our understanding of how urbanization alters ecosystems is well-developed, empirical work examining the consequences of urbanization on adaptive evolution remains limited. To facilitate future work, we offer candidate genes for one of the most prominent urban carnivores across North America.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Understanding the relationship between genetic variations and brain imaging phenotypes is an important issue in Alzheimer's disease (AD) research. As an alternative to GWAS univariate analyses, canonical correlation analysis (CCA) and its deep learning extension (DCCA) are widely used to identify associations between multiple genetic variants such as SNPs and multiple imaging traits such as brain ROIs from PET/MRI. However, with the recent availability of numerous genetic variants from genotyping and whole genome sequencing data for AD, these approaches often suffer from severe overfitting when dealing with 'fat' genetics data, e.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Sleep disturbance is common in older adults at prevalence rates ranging between 30 - 50% in the United States. Insomnia in late life is influenced by a wide array of genetic and lifestyle factors, some of which exhibit sex-dependent effects. This study examined whether selected single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) related to the neurotrophin, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), or its receptors and lifestyle factors, and their interactions were associated with the increased risk for sleep disturbance in older males and females.
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Alzheimers Dement
December 2024
National Institute on Aging/National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Background: Insulin Resistance (IR) is implicated in brain aging and Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathogenesis. Dietary changes may promote brain health in older adults with metabolic abnormalities. An extensive animal literature suggests pro-cognitive and beneficial systemic and brain effects of intermittent fasting (IF) that may mitigate AD risk.
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