Excessive nitrate (NO) is among the most problematic surface water and groundwater pollutants. In this study, a type of magnetic cationic hydrogel (MCH) is employed for NO adsorption and well characterized herein. Its adsorption capacity is considerably pH-dependent and achieves the optimal adsorption (maximum NO-adsorption capacity is 95.88 ± 1.24 mg/g) when the pH level is 5.2-8.8. The fitting result using the homogeneous surface diffusion model indicates that the surface/film diffusion controls the adsorption rate, and NO approaches the center of MCH particles within 30 min. The diffusion coefficient (D) and external mass transfer coefficient (k) in the liquid phase are 1.15 × 10 cm/min and 4.5 × 10 cm/min, respectively. The MCH is employed to treat surface water that contains 10 mg/L of NO, and it is found that the optimal magnetic separation time is 1.6 min. The high-efficiency mass transfer and magnetic separation of MCH during the adsorption-regeneration process favors its application in surface water treatment. Furthermore, the study of the mechanism involved reveals that both -N(CH) groups and NO are convoluted in adsorption via electrostatic interactions. It is further found that ion exchange between NO and chlorine occurs.
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