Objectives: To describe and interpret previously unreported marks on the dry cranium of an adult chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes verus) from Côte d'Ivoire at the Smithsonian's National Museum of Natural History (USNM 450071).
Materials And Methods: All marks on the cranium were documented and assessed through physical examination of the specimen, photography, micro-computed tomography (micro-CT), and 3D laser scanning. Pits and punctures were measured with digital calipers for comparison with published carnivore tooth mark measurements.
Results: The cranium shows perimortem or postmortem damage to the temporal, occipital, and maxillary regions that is not recent. Size and color variation in the marks suggest two damage events, possibly involving chewing by different animals, at least one of which was a large-bodied mammal. The 22 tooth pits and punctures (0.89-8.75 mm in maximum length and 0.88-6.63 mm in breadth) overlap in size with those inflicted by wild leopards, the most significant predators of common chimpanzees due to their largely overlapping ecological distributions.
Conclusions: Based on qualitative and quantitative evidence, we conclude that leopards are the most likely cause of the most prominent marks on the cranium. However, we cannot rule out the additional possibility of other chimpanzees, although there are no published studies of chimpanzee tooth marks for direct comparison. This study is the most extensive documentation to date of a modern adult chimpanzee skull exhibiting tooth marks by a large mammal, thus providing new evidence to help identify and interpret other events of predation and scavenging of large-bodied apes in the modern and fossil records.
Download full-text PDF |
Source |
|---|---|
| http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.24049 | DOI Listing |
Publication Analysis
Top Keywords
Similar Publications
Lightweight YOLOv8 for tongue teeth marks and fissures detection based on C2f_DCNv3.
Sci Rep
January 2025
Key Laboratory of Instrumentation Science, Dynamic Measurement of Ministry of Education, North University of China, Taiyuan, 030051, Shanxi, China.
This paper propose a significantly enhanced YOLOv8 model specifically designed for detecting tongue fissures and teeth marks in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) diagnostic images. By integrating the C2f_DCNv3 module, which incorporates Deformable Convolutions (DCN), replace the original C2f module, enabling the model to exhibit exceptional adaptability to intricate and irregular features, such as fine fissures and teeth marks. Furthermore, the introduction of the Squeeze-and-Excitation (SE) attention mechanism optimizes feature weighting, allowing the model to focus more accurately on key regions of the image, even in the presence of complex backgrounds.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe periodicity of enamel laminations in human deciduous molars.
Arch Oral Biol
December 2024
School of Anthropology and Conservation, University of Kent, Canterbury, UK; School of Chemistry and Forensic Sciences, University of Kent, Canterbury, UK.
Objective: Enamel laminations are closely spaced incremental lines that run parallel to Retzius lines or the developing enamel surface. Here, the timing of enamel laminations is calculated for naturally exfoliated deciduous molars (n = 111) from three modern-day populations (Aotearoa New Zealand, Britain and Canada).
Design: Teeth were sectioned using standard histological methods and examined using a high-powered microscope.
Correlation between occlusal contacts and masticatory muscle activity: A comparative study of cotton and wax normalization methods showing improved repeatability and comfort.
Arch Oral Biol
December 2024
School of Health and Life Sciences, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Ipiranga 6681, Porto Alegre, RS 90619-900, Brazil. Electronic address:
Objective: This study aimed to correlate occlusal marks on posterior teeth and cusp tips, recorded using an analog qualitative method, with digital evaluations of masseter and temporal muscle activity through electromyography indexes, comparing two normalization techniques (cotton and wax) using the standardized Percentage Overlap Coefficient of the Anterior Temporal muscle and Percentage Overlap Coefficient of the Masseter muscle indexes.
Design: This is a comparative cross-sectional observational study. Occlusal contact and electromyography records of the anterior temporal and masseter muscles were detected in 30 individuals with an average age of 34.
The oldest monofenestratan pterosaur from the Queso Rallado locality (Cañadón Asfalto Formation, Toarcian) of Chubut Province, Patagonia, Argentina.
R Soc Open Sci
December 2024
SNSB, Bayerische Staatssammlung für Paläontologie und Geologie, Richard-Wagner-Straße 10, 80333 Munich, Germany.
As the first group of tetrapods to achieve powered flight, pterosaurs first appeared in the Late Triassic. They proliferated globally, and by the Late Jurassic through the Cretaceous, the majority of these taxa belonged to the clade Monofenestrata (which includes the well-known Pterodactyloidea as its major subclade), typified by their single undivided fenestra anterior to the orbit. Here, a new taxon gen.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFArticle Synopsis
- Background: The study focused on the effectiveness of tranexamic acid in preventing bleeding and reducing the need for platelet transfusions in patients with blood cancers receiving intensive treatment.
- Methods: An international trial (TREATT) involved 616 adults under chemotherapy or stem-cell transplant, who were randomly assigned to receive either tranexamic acid or a placebo while monitored for bleeding and platelet recovery.
- Findings: Out of 1736 screened patients, 597 were included in the final analysis, revealing demographic details and outcomes related to bleeding events and mortality rates among the two groups.
Want AI Summaries of new PubMed Abstracts delivered to your In-box?
Enter search terms and have AI summaries delivered each week - change queries or unsubscribe any time!